MEDBOX | Country category Latin America and the Carribbean

	Chagas Disease: Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV Clinical Info HIV (2018) CC View PDF(1) Download (1) Add to my MEDBOX Epidemiology Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and transmitted to humans by infected triatomine bugs, and less commonly by transfusion, organ transplant, from mother to infant, and in rare instances, by ingestion of contaminated food or drink.1-4 The hematophagous triatomine vectors defecate during or immediately after feeding on a person. The parasite is present in large numbers in the feces of infected bugs, and enters the human body through the bite wound, or through the intact conjunctiva or other mucous membrane. Vector-borne transmission occurs only in the Americas, where an estimated 8 to 10 million people have Chagas disease.5 Historically, transmission occurred largely in rural areas in Latin America, where houses built of mud brick are vulnerable to colonization by the triatomine vectors.4 In such areas, Chagas disease usually is acquired in childhood. In the last several decades, successful vector control programs have substantially decreased transmission rates in much of Latin America, and large-scale migration has brought infected individuals to cities both within and outside of Latin America Tags: Chagas, Epidemiology, diagnosis, Prevention, Treatment, HIV, adverse events, opportunistic infections, adults, Adolescents, Source: https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/sites/defau
	Chagas disease key facts International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC IFRC (2022) C1 View PDF(1) Download (1) Add to my MEDBOX About six to seven million people worldwide, mostly in Latin America, are estimated to be infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease (WHO data from 2021). Chagas disease is found mainly in endemic areas of 21 Latin American countries. Chagas disease was once entirely confined to rural areas but in the last decades, due to population movements, most infected people live in urban settings and the disease has spread to other continents. The burden of disease is due to its chronic progression with people still suffering years later after initial infection Tags: Chagas, epidemic, risk factors, risk groups, vector, trypanosoma cruzi, transmission, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, Treatment, immunity, interventions, prevention, control, Indicators, impacts, Source: https://epidemics.ifrc.org/pdf/206
	Chagas Disease in Dogs: Transmission, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Saunders, A. & Hamer, S. Today's Veterinary Practice (2020) CC Open external link (7) Add to my MEDBOX Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoal organism primarily transmitted by triatomine insect vectors, also known as “kissing bugs.” It is a zoonotic disease originally described by Brazilian physician Dr. Carlos Chagas in 1909 and is widespread in Latin America. Although triatomines and T. cruzi have long been endemic to the southern United States, awareness and identification of infected vectors and animals have recently increased throughout the United States. Canine Chagas disease can be acute or chronic and is predominantly characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the heart, resulting in arrhythmias, myocardial dysfunction, heart failure, and sudden death, although many infected dogs are asymptomatic Tags: Chagas, trypanosoma cruzi, Zoonotic diseases, veterinary diseases, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, Prevention, animal's health, animal's disease, Source: https://todaysveterinarypractice.com/par
	Enfermo con Dengue o Chikunguny? Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC United States (2016) CC Open external link (6) Add to my MEDBOX Information for the General Public Tags: dengue, Chikungunya Fever, Fact Sheet, IEC Material, Source: https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/resources/fac
	Waiting for a success story in prevention, control and treatment of Chagas disease in non-endemic countries Bartoloni, A. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (2022) CC Open external link (8) Add to my MEDBOX Chagas disease (CD) is endemic in the Americas, being present in 21 countries, where it affects about 6 million people.(1) With such relevant numbers of people affected and disability adjusted life years lost, CD is a poverty-related and poverty-promoting disease. Although data describe a relevant ongoing public health problem for the American continent, significant results in the interruption of transmission has been achieved by coordinated multi-country programs. In particular, the Southern Cone Initiative (SCI), officially formalised in November 1991 by the Ministers of Health of Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay, has shown how a well-designed control program can significantly reduce CD transmission.(2) Before this initiative, in these countries, there were 11 million infected persons and 50 million at risk, 62% of the infected individuals of the whole continent Tags: Chagas, non-endemic countries, prevention, control, treatment, Source: https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrende
	Epidemiological Update: Dengue. 7 February 2020 World Health Organization WHO / Pan American Health Organization PAHO PAHO (2020) CC Open external link (9) Add to my MEDBOX Epidemiological Update Dengue 7 February 2020 Situation summary In the Region of the Americas, between epidemiological week (EW) 1 and EW 521 of 2019, a total of 3,139,335 cases of dengue have been reported (321.58 cases per 100,000 population), including 1,538 deaths. Of the total cases, 1,367,353 (43.6%) were laboratory-confirmed and 28,169 (0.9%) were classified as severe dengue. The case-fatality rate was 0.049% Tags: dengue, Epidemiological update, paho, statistics, Source: https://www.paho.org/sites/default/files
	Increasing access to comprehensive care for Chagas disease: development of a patient-centered model in Colombia Marchiol, A; Forsyth, C.; Bernal, O.; et al. Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2017) C_WHO View PDF(1) Download (3) Add to my MEDBOX Rev. Panam Salud Publica. 2017;41:e153. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2017.153 Worldwide, over 6 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the pathogen that causes Chagas disease (CD). In the Americas, CD creates the greatest burden in disability-adjusted life years of any parasitic infection. In Colombia, 437 000 people are infected with T. cruzi, of whom 131 000 suffer from cardiomyopathy. Colombia’s annual costs for treating patients with advanced CD reach US$ 175 016 000. Although timely etiological treatment can significantly delay or prevent development of cardiomyopathy—and costs just US$ 30 per patient—fewer than 1% of people with CD in Colombia and elsewhere receive it Tags: Chagas, trypanosoma cruzi, Neglected Diseases, health system, access to care, comprehensive care, Healthcare workers, Colombia, Treatment, Source: https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/1
	Improving access to testing for Chagas disease in Colombia Caicedo Díaz, RA,; Forsyth, C.; Bernal, OA; et al. Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative DNDi (2019) CC View PDF(3) Download (2) Add to my MEDBOX This is a summary of the following peer-reviewed, scientific article: Comparative Evaluation of Immunoassays to Improve Access to Diagnosis for Chagas Disease in Colombia. Tags: Chagas, neglect, parasites, Health Care, pharmaceutical industry, Columbia, diagnostics, Source: https://www.dndi.org/wp-content/uploads/
	Diagnosis and Prevalence of Chagas Disease in an Indigenous Population of Colombia Kann, S.; Dib, J.; Aristizabal, A.; et al. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (2022) CC Open external link (8) Add to my MEDBOX Microorganisms . 2022 Jul 14;10(7):1427. Chagas disease (CD) is endemic in about 21 countries of the Americas. The disease has spread to recently Chagas-free regions, mainly due to migration, and can now also be diagnosed in countries such as the USA, Canada, many European and some African, eastern Mediterranean and western Pacific countries. About 6 million people are infected and 70 million live with a daily risk of infection. Although many efforts have been made to control the disease, and some improvements were achieved, still, less than about 1% of the infected have access to diagnosis and treatment. This causes high morbidity and mortality rates with more than 12,000 deaths per yea Tags: Chagas, rapid, serology, PCR, colombia, indigenous people, prevalence, prevention and control, Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35889145
	Chagas Disease: From Discovery to a Worldwide Health Problem Infectious Diseases Freitas Lidani, K.; Antunes Andrade, F.; Bavia, L.; et. al. Frontiers Public Health (2019) CC Open external link (5) Add to my MEDBOX Front. Public Health, 02 July 2019 Sec. Infectious Diseases: Epidemiology and Prevention Volume 7 - 2019 \| https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00166 Chagas disease (CD) is an anthropozoonosis caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, that affects about 6–8 million people worldwide (1) and causes approximately 50,000 deaths per year. Another 65–100 million people are living in areas at risk for infection worldwide (2–4). Even though over a century has passed since its discovery, CD remains one of the leading public health problems for most Latin American countrie Tags: Chagas, parasites, trypanosoma cruzi, Public health, blood transfusion, study, Latin America, transmission, overview, Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.

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