Category Water

Household water treatment and safe storage in emergencies

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescient Socities (IFRC) (2008) C1

A field manual for Red Cross/Red Crescent personnel and volunteers

Septic Tank Guidelines

Oxfam (2008) C1

A septic tank takes raw sewage in, allows the solids to settle (sludge) and allows the remaining liquid to flow into the surrounding soil by means of a soakaway. Scum on the surface is also prevented from leaving the tank. Microorganisms in the anaerobic environment in the tank digest the sludge and ... scum. The system consists of several stages, supply to the tank, the tank itself and the soak field. more

Best Practices in Water and Sanitation

Dennis Warner, and Christopher Seremet USAID, CRS (2008)

Household Water Treatment and Storage

Oxfam (2008) C1

This technical brief presents the current options for safe storage and point of use water treatment. It is intended to help field staff working in a variety of locations to decide upon the most appropriate course of action for providing safe water for the communities in which they work. The effectiv ... eness of household water treatment options now and in the future rely to a huge extent on user compliance; it is critical that users are involved in the decision making process, and are aware of the purpose, how to use, maintain and manage their household water options. The brief therefore details relevant hygiene promotion steps for the different treatment options. more

External Link

Household Water Treatment Ceramic Filtration

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2008) C_CDC

Training Manual for SODIS Promotion

SODIS Solar Water Disinfection SODIS Solar Water Disinfection (2006)

Oxfam Water Storage Manual

Oxfam (2006) C1

This manual is part of a series of guides devised by the Oxfam Public Health Engineering Team to help provide a reliable water supply for populations affected by conflict or natural disaster. Storage tanks are required for collection of water from springs or water produced from continuous flow water ... treatment systems, e.g. from upflow clarifiers or slow sand filters. There should be sufficient storage volume to store all water produced overnight, as this is unlikely to be collected by users during the night. Storage tanks also have secondary functions such as ensuring a constant water supply to treatment processes, providing a level of treatment by settlement of larger suspended solids and maintaining pressure in distribution systems more

Oxfam Water Distribution Manual

Oxfam (2006) CC

Oxfam Water Supply Scheme for Emergencies. This manual is part of a series of guides devised by the Oxfam Public Health Engineering Team to help provide a reliable water supply for populations affected by conflict or natural disaster. Wherever possible, water supplies in emergency conditions should ... be obtained from underground sources by exploitation of springs, tubewells, or dug wells. No filtration will then be needed. However, if sources are not available or cannot be developed, the use of surface water from streams, rivers, lakes or ponds becomes necessary. Usually these surface sources are polluted. The level of faecal contamination can be measured by use of the Oxfam/Delagua Water Test Kit (see Section C). Where a serious level of faecal pollution exists, it is essential firstly to try to reduce the cause of contamination, and secondly to treat the water to make it suitable for human consumption. The Filtration equipment provides a simple, long-term physical and biological treatment system that requires no chemicals (except small amounts of chlorine required during filter cleaning) and needs only simple regular maintenance more