MEDBOX | Country category North America

Métodos de vigilancia entomológica y control de los principales vectores en las Américas

Organización Panamericana de la Salud OPS (2021) C2

Las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores (ETV) son enfermedades infecciosas propagadas por organismos intermediarios como insectos hematófagos, garrapatas, ácaros, caracoles y roedores, que transmiten virus, parásitos y bacterias a los seres humanos. Estas enfermedades son la causa de una notable carga de enfermedad y mortalidad, que afecta a las personas enfermas, sus familias y sus comunidades. En la presente publicación se revisan y actualizan los principales métodos e indicadores de vigilancia entomológica, así como las medidas de control vectorial utilizadas contra las ETV en la Región de las Américas. Su elaboración se inscribe en la misión de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) de desarrollar actividades encaminadas a fortalecer la capacidad y las buenas prácticas entomológicas en salud pública de los países de la Región. Asimismo, el contenido se ha armonizado con los principios y fundamentos del marco estratégico mundial de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para el manejo integrado de vectores, adoptado como referencia técnica por la OPS para la organización y la estructuración de los programas de control de vectores en la Región. Se trata de un trabajo exhaustivo e integral que proporciona a los responsables de los programas nacionales de control vectorial, epidemiólogos, entomólogos y otros interesados directos acceso rápido a la información más relevante disponible

Tags: NTD, Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), Vector Control, las américas,

Source: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/552

Providing information, education and communication for key people involved in Chagas disease control

World Health Organization WHO (2022) CC

The Information, education and communication (IEC) activities, with the development of contextualized activities for various actors and scenarios about preventative measures and surveillance tools, are essential to increase awareness, reduce biomedical and psychosocial barriers to accessing diagnosis and care; keep the maximum number of actors involved; and reach the affected population, including family, friends and society in general

Tags: Chagas, IEC Material, website, WHO,

Source: https://www.who.int/activities/providing

Epidemiology of Taenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis: a systematic review of the distribution in the Americas

Braae, U.; Thomas, L.; Roberson, L. et al. Parasites and Vectors (2018) CC

Taenia saginata is a zoonotic tapeworm that is of economic importance in countries where cattle are kept. The parasite is transmitted from human tapeworm carriers (taeniosis) to bovines (cysticercosis) by excretion of eggs or proglottids containing eggs into the environment via the stool. Bovines can then ingest the eggs through contaminated feed or water. After ingestion, the eggs hatch and release oncospheres in the small intestines, where the oncospheres penetrate the intestinal wall to reach the blood circulation. This distributes them throughout the body, but primarily to muscle tissue, where they develop into cysticerci. For humans to become infected with T. saginata, raw or undercooked bovine meat or offal containing infective cysts must be consumed. Bovine cysticercosis has been associated with various environmental factors related to water sources, such as animals having access to surface water, flooding of pastures and proximity to wastewater sources

Tags: taenia, Zoonotic diseases, tapworm, parasites, neglected tropical diseases,

Source: https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentra

USA National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria 2020-2025

U.S. Government (2020) C2

The National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (CARB), 2020-2025, presents coordinated, strategic actions that the United States Government will take in the next five years to improve the health and wellbeing of all Americans by changing the course of antibiotic resistance. This Plan is based on the U.S. Government’s 2014 National Strategy for CARB, and builds on the first National Action Plan released in 2015 by expanding evidence-based activities that have already been shown to reduce antibiotic resistance, such as optimizing the use of antibiotics in human and animal health settings

Tags: AMR, Antimicrobial resistance, National Action Plan, USA,

Source: https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files

Epidemiology of Chagas disease in pregnant women and congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Americas: systematic review and meta-analysis

Santana, K.; Oliveira, L.; Barros de Castro, D. et al. Tropical medicine & international health (2020) CC

Objective To estimate the prevalence of Chagas disease in pregnant women and the vertical transmission of the disease. Methods Observational studies were identified from eight electronic databases, and details on study design, population and prevalence of Chagas disease were extracted. The data were pooled using a random-effects model, and choropleth maps were created based on geopolitical regions and countries

Tags: Chagas, trypanosoma cruzi, vertical transmission/PMTCT, Latin America, transmission, systematic review, meta-analysis, epidemiology, pregnant women,

Source: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mar

Parasites - Leishmaniasis

Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) (2020) C_CDC

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is found in parts of the tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe. Leishmaniasis is caused by infection with Leishmania parasites, which are spread by the bite of infected sand flies. There are several different forms of leishmaniasis in people. The most common forms are cutaneous leishmaniasis, which causes skin sores, and visceral leishmaniasis, which affects several internal organs (usually spleen, liver, and bone marrow)

Tags: Leishmaniasis, prevention and control, Parasites and vectors, parasitic disease, signs and symptoms, visceral leishmaniasis (VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), transmission, diagnosis, treatment, prevention,

Source: https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/leishmania

Chagas Disease: Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV

Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV Clinical Info HIV (2018) CC

Epidemiology Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and transmitted to humans by infected triatomine bugs, and less commonly by transfusion, organ transplant, from mother to infant, and in rare instances, by ingestion of contaminated food or drink.1-4 The hematophagous triatomine vectors defecate during or immediately after feeding on a person. The parasite is present in large numbers in the feces of infected bugs, and enters the human body through the bite wound, or through the intact conjunctiva or other mucous membrane. Vector-borne transmission occurs only in the Americas, where an estimated 8 to 10 million people have Chagas disease.5 Historically, transmission occurred largely in rural areas in Latin America, where houses built of mud brick are vulnerable to colonization by the triatomine vectors.4 In such areas, Chagas disease usually is acquired in childhood. In the last several decades, successful vector control programs have substantially decreased transmission rates in much of Latin America, and large-scale migration has brought infected individuals to cities both within and outside of Latin America

Tags: Chagas, Epidemiology, diagnosis, Prevention, Treatment, HIV, adverse events, opportunistic infections, adults, Adolescents,

Source: https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/sites/defau

Chagas Disease in Dogs: Transmission, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

Saunders, A. & Hamer, S. Today's Veterinary Practice (2020) CC

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoal organism primarily transmitted by triatomine insect vectors, also known as “kissing bugs.” It is a zoonotic disease originally described by Brazilian physician Dr. Carlos Chagas in 1909 and is widespread in Latin America. Although triatomines and T. cruzi have long been endemic to the southern United States, awareness and identification of infected vectors and animals have recently increased throughout the United States. Canine Chagas disease can be acute or chronic and is predominantly characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the heart, resulting in arrhythmias, myocardial dysfunction, heart failure, and sudden death, although many infected dogs are asymptomatic

Tags: Chagas, trypanosoma cruzi, Zoonotic diseases, veterinary diseases, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, Prevention, animal's health, animal's disease,

Source: https://todaysveterinarypractice.com/par

Waiting for a success story in prevention, control and treatment of Chagas disease in non-endemic countries

Bartoloni, A. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (2022) CC

Chagas disease (CD) is endemic in the Americas, being present in 21 countries, where it affects about 6 million people.(1) With such relevant numbers of people affected and disability adjusted life years lost, CD is a poverty-related and poverty-promoting disease. Although data describe a relevant ongoing public health problem for the American continent, significant results in the interruption of transmission has been achieved by coordinated multi-country programs. In particular, the Southern Cone Initiative (SCI), officially formalised in November 1991 by the Ministers of Health of Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay, has shown how a well-designed control program can significantly reduce CD transmission.(2) Before this initiative, in these countries, there were 11 million infected persons and 50 million at risk, 62% of the infected individuals of the whole continent

Tags: Chagas, non-endemic countries, prevention, control, treatment,

Source: https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrende

XV Reunión de la Comisión Regional de Certificación de la Erradicación de la Polio en la Región de las Américas, Atlanta, 2022

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2023) C_WHO

La XV Reunión de la Comisión Regional de Certificación de la Erradicación de la Polio en la Región de las Américas se llevó a cabo del 25 al 27 de octubre del 2022 en Atlanta, Estados Unidos. Durante la reunión, La Comisión Regional de Certificación (RCC, por su sigla en inglés) analizó y validó 6 informes de contención y 4 informes anuales de los países que no entregaron el Informe Anual 2021 en tiempo para su revisión durante la XIV reunión. La RCC también se reunió con el programa doméstico de polio de los Estados Unidos para discutir la situación del brote de cVDPV2. Todos los miembros de la RCC analizaron y aprobaron los resultados de validación y el informe final de la reunió

Tags: polio, USA, erradicación, Immunization,

Source: https://www.paho.org/es/file/122010/down

	Métodos de vigilancia entomológica y control de los principales vectores en las Américas Organización Panamericana de la Salud OPS (2021) C2 View PDF(16) Download (20) Add to my MEDBOX Las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores (ETV) son enfermedades infecciosas propagadas por organismos intermediarios como insectos hematófagos, garrapatas, ácaros, caracoles y roedores, que transmiten virus, parásitos y bacterias a los seres humanos. Estas enfermedades son la causa de una notable carga de enfermedad y mortalidad, que afecta a las personas enfermas, sus familias y sus comunidades. En la presente publicación se revisan y actualizan los principales métodos e indicadores de vigilancia entomológica, así como las medidas de control vectorial utilizadas contra las ETV en la Región de las Américas. Su elaboración se inscribe en la misión de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) de desarrollar actividades encaminadas a fortalecer la capacidad y las buenas prácticas entomológicas en salud pública de los países de la Región. Asimismo, el contenido se ha armonizado con los principios y fundamentos del marco estratégico mundial de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para el manejo integrado de vectores, adoptado como referencia técnica por la OPS para la organización y la estructuración de los programas de control de vectores en la Región. Se trata de un trabajo exhaustivo e integral que proporciona a los responsables de los programas nacionales de control vectorial, epidemiólogos, entomólogos y otros interesados directos acceso rápido a la información más relevante disponible Tags: NTD, Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), Vector Control, las américas, Source: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/552
	Providing information, education and communication for key people involved in Chagas disease control World Health Organization WHO (2022) CC Open external link (132) Add to my MEDBOX The Information, education and communication (IEC) activities, with the development of contextualized activities for various actors and scenarios about preventative measures and surveillance tools, are essential to increase awareness, reduce biomedical and psychosocial barriers to accessing diagnosis and care; keep the maximum number of actors involved; and reach the affected population, including family, friends and society in general Tags: Chagas, IEC Material, website, WHO, Source: https://www.who.int/activities/providing
	Epidemiology of Taenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis: a systematic review of the distribution in the Americas Braae, U.; Thomas, L.; Roberson, L. et al. Parasites and Vectors (2018) CC Open external link (173) Add to my MEDBOX Taenia saginata is a zoonotic tapeworm that is of economic importance in countries where cattle are kept. The parasite is transmitted from human tapeworm carriers (taeniosis) to bovines (cysticercosis) by excretion of eggs or proglottids containing eggs into the environment via the stool. Bovines can then ingest the eggs through contaminated feed or water. After ingestion, the eggs hatch and release oncospheres in the small intestines, where the oncospheres penetrate the intestinal wall to reach the blood circulation. This distributes them throughout the body, but primarily to muscle tissue, where they develop into cysticerci. For humans to become infected with T. saginata, raw or undercooked bovine meat or offal containing infective cysts must be consumed. Bovine cysticercosis has been associated with various environmental factors related to water sources, such as animals having access to surface water, flooding of pastures and proximity to wastewater sources Tags: taenia, Zoonotic diseases, tapworm, parasites, neglected tropical diseases, Source: https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentra
	USA National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria 2020-2025 U.S. Government (2020) C2 Open external link (173) Add to my MEDBOX The National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (CARB), 2020-2025, presents coordinated, strategic actions that the United States Government will take in the next five years to improve the health and wellbeing of all Americans by changing the course of antibiotic resistance. This Plan is based on the U.S. Government’s 2014 National Strategy for CARB, and builds on the first National Action Plan released in 2015 by expanding evidence-based activities that have already been shown to reduce antibiotic resistance, such as optimizing the use of antibiotics in human and animal health settings Tags: AMR, Antimicrobial resistance, National Action Plan, USA, Source: https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files
	Epidemiology of Chagas disease in pregnant women and congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Americas: systematic review and meta-analysis Santana, K.; Oliveira, L.; Barros de Castro, D. et al. Tropical medicine & international health (2020) CC Open external link (244) Add to my MEDBOX Objective To estimate the prevalence of Chagas disease in pregnant women and the vertical transmission of the disease. Methods Observational studies were identified from eight electronic databases, and details on study design, population and prevalence of Chagas disease were extracted. The data were pooled using a random-effects model, and choropleth maps were created based on geopolitical regions and countries Tags: Chagas, trypanosoma cruzi, vertical transmission/PMTCT, Latin America, transmission, systematic review, meta-analysis, epidemiology, pregnant women, Source: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mar
	Parasites - Leishmaniasis Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) (2020) C_CDC Open external link (206) Add to my MEDBOX Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is found in parts of the tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe. Leishmaniasis is caused by infection with Leishmania parasites, which are spread by the bite of infected sand flies. There are several different forms of leishmaniasis in people. The most common forms are cutaneous leishmaniasis, which causes skin sores, and visceral leishmaniasis, which affects several internal organs (usually spleen, liver, and bone marrow) Tags: Leishmaniasis, prevention and control, Parasites and vectors, parasitic disease, signs and symptoms, visceral leishmaniasis (VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), transmission, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, Source: https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/leishmania
	Chagas Disease: Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV Clinical Info HIV (2018) CC View PDF(67) Download (40) Add to my MEDBOX Epidemiology Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and transmitted to humans by infected triatomine bugs, and less commonly by transfusion, organ transplant, from mother to infant, and in rare instances, by ingestion of contaminated food or drink.1-4 The hematophagous triatomine vectors defecate during or immediately after feeding on a person. The parasite is present in large numbers in the feces of infected bugs, and enters the human body through the bite wound, or through the intact conjunctiva or other mucous membrane. Vector-borne transmission occurs only in the Americas, where an estimated 8 to 10 million people have Chagas disease.5 Historically, transmission occurred largely in rural areas in Latin America, where houses built of mud brick are vulnerable to colonization by the triatomine vectors.4 In such areas, Chagas disease usually is acquired in childhood. In the last several decades, successful vector control programs have substantially decreased transmission rates in much of Latin America, and large-scale migration has brought infected individuals to cities both within and outside of Latin America Tags: Chagas, Epidemiology, diagnosis, Prevention, Treatment, HIV, adverse events, opportunistic infections, adults, Adolescents, Source: https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/sites/defau
	Chagas Disease in Dogs: Transmission, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Saunders, A. & Hamer, S. Today's Veterinary Practice (2020) CC Open external link (230) Add to my MEDBOX Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoal organism primarily transmitted by triatomine insect vectors, also known as “kissing bugs.” It is a zoonotic disease originally described by Brazilian physician Dr. Carlos Chagas in 1909 and is widespread in Latin America. Although triatomines and T. cruzi have long been endemic to the southern United States, awareness and identification of infected vectors and animals have recently increased throughout the United States. Canine Chagas disease can be acute or chronic and is predominantly characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the heart, resulting in arrhythmias, myocardial dysfunction, heart failure, and sudden death, although many infected dogs are asymptomatic Tags: Chagas, trypanosoma cruzi, Zoonotic diseases, veterinary diseases, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, Prevention, animal's health, animal's disease, Source: https://todaysveterinarypractice.com/par
	Waiting for a success story in prevention, control and treatment of Chagas disease in non-endemic countries Bartoloni, A. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (2022) CC Open external link (274) Add to my MEDBOX Chagas disease (CD) is endemic in the Americas, being present in 21 countries, where it affects about 6 million people.(1) With such relevant numbers of people affected and disability adjusted life years lost, CD is a poverty-related and poverty-promoting disease. Although data describe a relevant ongoing public health problem for the American continent, significant results in the interruption of transmission has been achieved by coordinated multi-country programs. In particular, the Southern Cone Initiative (SCI), officially formalised in November 1991 by the Ministers of Health of Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay, has shown how a well-designed control program can significantly reduce CD transmission.(2) Before this initiative, in these countries, there were 11 million infected persons and 50 million at risk, 62% of the infected individuals of the whole continent Tags: Chagas, non-endemic countries, prevention, control, treatment, Source: https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrende
	XV Reunión de la Comisión Regional de Certificación de la Erradicación de la Polio en la Región de las Américas, Atlanta, 2022 Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2023) C_WHO View PDF(49) Download (34) Add to my MEDBOX La XV Reunión de la Comisión Regional de Certificación de la Erradicación de la Polio en la Región de las Américas se llevó a cabo del 25 al 27 de octubre del 2022 en Atlanta, Estados Unidos. Durante la reunión, La Comisión Regional de Certificación (RCC, por su sigla en inglés) analizó y validó 6 informes de contención y 4 informes anuales de los países que no entregaron el Informe Anual 2021 en tiempo para su revisión durante la XIV reunión. La RCC también se reunió con el programa doméstico de polio de los Estados Unidos para discutir la situación del brote de cVDPV2. Todos los miembros de la RCC analizaron y aprobaron los resultados de validación y el informe final de la reunió Tags: polio, USA, erradicación, Immunization, Source: https://www.paho.org/es/file/122010/down

Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Chagas disease (2019)

Crisis Emergency Risk Communication. Manual (2014)

Refugee Aid App (2017)

Manuel de prévention et de traitement du COVID-19 (2020)

Guidelines for Diagnosing and Managing Disseminated Histoplasmosis among People Living with HIV (2020)

XV Reunión de la Comisión Regional de Certificación de la Erradicación de la Polio en la Región de las Américas, Atlanta, 2022 (2023)

Waiting for a success story in prevention, control and treatment of Chagas disease in non-endemic countries (2022)

Providing information, education and communication for key people involved in Chagas disease control (2022)

Métodos de vigilancia entomológica y control de los principales vectores en las Américas (2021)

USA National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria 2020-2025 (2020)