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The CDC Yellow Book is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's comprehensive reference guide to health issues related to international travel. It provides evidence-based recommendations and practical guidance for healthcare professionals advising travellers, as well as for travellers themse
...
lves. Topics covered include country-specific vaccination requirements, the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, malaria prophylaxis, food and water safety, the management of travel-related conditions, and guidance for special populations, such as children, pregnant travellers and individuals with chronic illnesses. Updated every two years, the Yellow Book synthesises global surveillance data, World Health Organization guidelines and CDC expertise to help prevent illness and injury during international travel. Serving as both an authoritative clinical tool and a public health resource, it ensures safe and healthy travel worldwide.
Accessed on 27/08/2025.
more
Pregnant travelers face numerous risks, notably increased susceptibility to or severity of multiple infections, including malaria. Because pregnant women residing in areas non-endemic for malaria are unlikely to have protective immunity, travel to endemic areas poses risk of severe illness and pregn
...
ancy complications, such as low birthweight and fetal loss. If travel to malaria-endemic areas cannot be avoided, preventive measures are critical. However, malaria chemoprophylaxis in pregnancy can be challenging, since commonly used regimens have varying levels of safety data and national guidelines differ. Furthermore, although chloroquine and mefloquine have wide acceptance for use in pregnancy, regional malaria resistance and non-pregnancy contraindications limit their use. Mosquito repellents, including N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin treatment of clothing, are considered safe in pregnancy and important to prevent malaria as well as other arthropod-borne infections such as Zika virus infection. Pregnant travelers at risk for malaria exposure should be advised to seek medical attention immediately if any symptoms of illness, particularly fever, develop.
more
Antimalarial chemotherapy is crucial for reducing morbidity, mortality, and drug resistance, and is the cornerstone of malaria control. Existing antimalarial drugs act at different stages of the parasite’s life cycle. These drugs range from classic agents such as chloroquine and quinine to newer a
...
rtemisinin derivatives. They include tissue schizonticides, blood schizonticides, gametocytocides, and sporontocides. Artemisinin and its derivatives are the most effective and fastest-acting treatment against drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, achieving rapid parasite clearance and reducing transmission potential. Other key drugs include mefloquine, halofantrine, proguanil, sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine, atovaquone–proguanil, tetracyclines, clindamycin and azithromycin. Each of these drugs has a specific mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety profile and contraindications. Rational drug combinations and adherence to national treatment guidelines are essential for managing resistance, ensuring safety in vulnerable populations such as children and pregnant women, and optimising therapeutic outcomes in cases of both uncomplicated and severe malaria.
more
These guidelines have been developed in simple, user-friendly language and they explain the procedures for patients’ access to and the safe management of Schedule I and II drugs that are necessary for the treatment and relief of moderate to severe
...
pain. They provide both procedures for acquisition and information on records or documents that are necessary to ensure that these medicines are made available and accessible to patients across the entire health care delivery system (i.e. from tertiary institutions to primary level) and ensuring prevention of illicit non-medical use.
more
Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients (adults and children) and their families who are facing problems associated with life-threatening illness. It prevents and relieves suffering through the early identification, correct assessment and
...
treatment of pain and other problems, whether physical, psychosocial or spiritual.
Addressing suffering involves taking care of issues beyond physical symptoms. Palliative care uses a team approach to support patients and their caregivers. This includes addressing practical needs and providing bereavement counselling. It offers a support system to help patients live as actively as possible until death.
more
This brief report summarizes recent information on HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in the era of integrase-strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) for HIV prevention and treatment.
Adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 remain underserved in the global response against HIV. Combination prevention, treatment and care programmes use a mix of evidence-based interventions to meet the current HIV prevention needs of adolescents an
...
d young adults. However, there needs to be a focus on priority interventions that are evidence-based, practical, contextual and sustainable. This document highlights interventions and recommendations that have passed through the evidence-based lens of the WHO.
more
This document, with a focus on the built environment and health care facilities, intends to guide the audience in preparing for and responding to SARI pandemics caused by existing and novel pathogens. It provides technical guidance on designing, establishing, and managing health care facilities for
...
severe acute respiratory infections (SARI), covering point of entry, treatment centers, entry to health system facilities, quarantine and community facilities, and home care and quarantine.
more
Global tuberculosis report 2025
recommended
The WHO Global tuberculosis report 2025 provides a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic and of progress in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease, at global, regional and country levels. This is done in the context
...
of global TB commitments, strategies and targets.
The 2025 edition of the report is, as usual, based primarily on data gathered by WHO from national ministries of health in annual rounds of data collection. In 2025, 184 countries and areas with more than 99% of the world’s population and TB cases reported data.
more
The findings of the report are both urgent and devastating. At the current rate of progress, by 2040 we would still have 1.9 million new HIV infections and 990,000 AIDS-related deaths in children. But if funding for HIV prevention and treatment cont
...
inues to fall as current trends suggest, the world could face an additional 1.1 million new HIV infections and 820,000 additional deaths by 2040. In this worst-case scenario, by 2040, three million children would acquire HIV and nearly 1.8 million would die of AIDS-related causes — the vast majority in sub-Saharan Africa. These are not statistics; they are children with dreams, families, and futures. They represent our shared humanity — and our collective failure if we do not act.
more
Consolidated guidelines on person-centred HIV strategic information: strengthening routine data for impact
recommended
These guidelines focus on the collection and use of person-centred data across the HIV cascade – from prevention, testing and treatment to longer-term health care – building upon 2017 and 2020 strategic information guidelines. The updated guidel
...
ines present a standard minimum dataset, priority indicators and recommendations to strengthen data use across HIV prevention, testing and treatment, and linkages to services for sexually transmitted infections, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis and cervical cancer. The guidelines also cover the use of routinely collected data for HIV surveillance (including measurement of HIV prevalence and incidence) and emphasize the use of data from different sources to gain a better picture of epidemiologic trends.
more
IAPAC provides guidance to clinicians and allied health professionals through normative guidance that encapsulates evidence-based approaches to optimizing the prevention, care, treatment, and support services delivered to people living with HIV
These 2025 guidelines respond to the need for better approaches to identify advanced HIV disease, improve the poor outcomes of people living with HIV being discharged from hospital and provide updated guidance for treatment for Kaposi’s sarcoma th
...
rough evidence-informed recommendations. The publication contains recommendations that are from previously published WHO guidelines documents on advanced HIV disease and introduces new recommendations that were developed in 2025.
more
The adopted pillars for the AEVT Plan are a) early testing among children exposed to HIV, syphilis and HBV; b) closing the treatment gap among PBFW and children exposed to HIV, syphilis and HBV; c) prevention of new HIV, syphilis and HBV infections
...
among PBFW; and d) breaking down barriers to access to integrated services. Based on these pillars, the AEVT plan guides galvanizing political advocacy for the last mile toward the elimination of vertical transmission of HIV, syphilis and HBV in Africa by 2030
more
This booklet is aimed at HCP’s, and serves to raise awareness, and emphasize the need for
the inclusion and integration of psychosocial support in the Comprehensive HIV and AIDS
Care, Management and Treatment (CCMT) of children and adolescents.
The family-centered approach to reaching every child living with HIV. This report examines the structural barriers impeding equitable access to HIV testing, treatment initiation and long-term adherence – essential elements for sustaining health an
...
d well-being for children, adolescents and young women. Rooted in socio-cultural norms, gender disparities and systemic inequalities, these barriers obstruct progress by perpetuating stigma, limiting healthcare access and destabilizing treatment continuity, stalling efforts toward the 10-10-106 and 95-95-957 targets.
more
The IMCI model handbook provides a detailed explanation of the IMCI case management guidelines. It is organized into seven main parts: overview of the IMCI process; assess and classify the sick child age 2 months up to 5 years; assess and classify the sick young infant age 1 week up to 2 months; ide
...
ntify treatment; treat the sick child or the sick young infant; communicate and counsel; and give follow-up care.
Teaching institutions are advised to adapt the handbook in two ways:
to ensure that all text, charts and illustrations are consistent with nationally-adapted IMCI clinical guidelines, and
to ensure that its content and format corresponds to the teaching approach used by the institution.
more
This booklet is recommended for all health workers who diagnose and treat leprosy, especially those at the first referral level such as a health centre. It contains more detail than the WHO Guide to Eliminate Leprosy as a Public Health Problem. The Guide gives practical advice on how to diagnose lep
...
rosy and how to give the correct treatment, and basic information on how to recognise and manage leprosy reactions.e
more
COTS (Cholera Outbreak Training and Shigellosis) Program Health Promotion Worker Pocket Card
recommended
The COTS Cholera Outbreak Training and Shigellosis Program Pocket Card provides essential guidelines for health promotion workers to prevent and manage cholera and shigellosis outbreaks. It emphasizes proper sanitation, hygiene practices, safe water handling, and food safety as the primary methods f
...
or disease control. Key recommendations include handwashing, disinfecting water with chlorine, using latrines, and ensuring safe food preparation. The document also outlines hospital policies, waste disposal procedures, and safety measures for healthcare workers dealing with diarrheal diseases. Additionally, it provides dehydration assessment guidelines, treatment protocols using Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) and IV fluids, and appropriate antibiotic treatments for both cholera and shigellosis. The goal is to equip healthcare workers with quick-reference tools to effectively contain outbreaks and prevent further transmission.
more
The CDC document "How to make oral rehydration solution (ORS)" provides clear, step-by-step instructions for preparing and using ORS to treat dehydration caused by diarrhea. It emphasizes the importance of using clean water, salt, and sugar in precise proportions to create the solution. The document
...
is particularly relevant in emergency settings, such as during cholera outbreaks or in areas with limited medical resources, like Haiti. It highlights the effectiveness of ORS in saving lives by rehydrating individuals suffering from severe diarrhea and encourages its use as a simple, accessible treatment method.
more
