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Science of The Total Environment Volume 764, 10 April 2021, 142919
Environmental pollution, protection, quality and sustainability
Acupuncture has been practised for more than 2500 years in the Western Pacific Region and has become a global therapeutic method in recent decades. However, it was reportedthat acupuncturists differed by up to 25% in the acupuncture points they used, raising doubts and uncertainty regarding the effi
...
cacy and safety of acupuncture treatment, as well as causing difficulties in the fields of acupuncture research and education.
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Checklist to support the reopening of schools and preparation for resurgences of COVID-19 or similar public health crises.
O objetivo desta lista de verificação é reforçar a conformidade e a adesão às medidas de saúde pública delineadas no documento recentemente atualizado Considerations fo
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r school-related public health measures in the context of COVID-19 [Considerações para medidas de saúde pública relacionadas a escolas no contexto da COVID-19], considerando-se principalmente as crianças menores de 18 anos em contextos educacionais e em escolas com recursos limitados. A lista de verificação foi elaborada de acordo com os princípios e as abordagens das escolas promotoras de saúde.7,8 Este documento destaca a importância da coordenação multinível (ou seja, nos níveis escolar, subnacional e nacional) e de abordagens participativas e cocriadas pelas várias partes interessadas (por exemplo, trabalhadores das escolas, professores, alunos e pais). Esta abordagem visa a otimizar o cumprimento das medidas sociais e de saúde pública baseadas nos contextos sociais e culturais, conforme descrito no documento Considerations for implementing and adjusting public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19 [Considerações para a implementação e ajuste de medidas sociais e de saúde pública no contexto da COVID-19].
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English Analysis on Brazil about Health, Protection and Human Rights and Epidemic; published on 26 May 2021 by SSHAP
The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) has proved remarkably tenacious, despite attempts spanning nearly a century to eliminate it. Nevertheless, a number of countries have seen some declines in the practice – at least up until the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of which is yet to be fully
...
understood. Other changes in FGM are also evident. These include shifts in attitudes and in the ways the procedure is being carried out.
As the world rallies to accelerate progress against FGM, understanding what drives change in how people think about the practice and act is key to its elimination. Education is one such driver. It is an important mechanism to increase awareness of the dangers of FGM and of groups that do not practise it. Education also fosters questioning and discussion and provides opportunities for individuals to take on social roles that are not dependent on the practice of FGM for acceptance.
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Female Genital Mutilation in Mali: Insights from a statistical analysis Mali is home to nearly 8 million girls and women who have experienced FGM. Overall, 89 per cent of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years have undergone the practice, ranging from 96 per cent in Sikasso region to 1 per cent or less
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in Gao and Kidal
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This brochure draws on data from more than 90 nationally representative surveys making it the most up-to-date compilation of statistics on FGM/C. Available data show that the practice of FGM/C is highly concentrated in a swath of countries from the Atlantic coast to the Horn of Africa, in areas of t
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he Middle East such as Iraq and Yemen and in some countries in Asia like Indonesia. However, FGM/C is a human rights issue that affects girls and women worldwide. Evidence suggests that FGM/C exists in some places in South America such as Colombia and elsewhere in the world including in India, Malaysia, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.
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Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa : Primary Healthcare Level 2020 edition
the Essential Drugs Programme, the PHCAdult Hospital Level Expert review Committee, the National Essential Medicines List Committee
National Department of Health South Africa
(2020)
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The PHC STGs and EML should be used by healthcare workers providing care at clinics, community health centres, and gateway clinics at hospitals.
Pharmaceutical and Therapeutics Committees (PTCs) are responsible for ensuring the availability of medicines listed in the PHC EML at those facilities, as
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well as at higher levels of care.
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May 2022
Screening programmes for tuberculosis (TB) among immigrants rarely consider the heterogeneity of
risk related to migrants’ country of origin. We assess the performance of a large screening programme in asylum seekers by analysing (i) the difference in yield and numbers needed to screen (NNS) by c
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ountry and WHO-reported TB burden, (ii) the possible impact of screening thresholds on sensitivity, and (iii) the value of WHO-estimated TB burden to improve the prediction accuracy of screening yield.
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The aim of this article is to identify the elements behind the country’s successful COVID-19 rollout as well as lessons and chal lenges derived from this process. The analysis is relevant to many countries today—as they keep searching for strategies to cope with the second year of the COVID-19 p
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andemic and the challenge of implementing a large-scale vaccine rollout—and in the coming years—as new variants develop and unceertainty about the vaccination strategy increases.
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WHY THIS GUIDE?
Because, in the face of crises and emergencies, it is vital to include a human rights perspective in responses. Vulnerable groups face major obstacles to accessing and benefiting from prevention, mitigation, and health care policies due to structural barriers of inequality. To offer
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guidelines to the countries of the Americas for crafting and implementing inclusive and accessible, human rights-based responses to a pandemic that is unprecedented in the region and in the world as a whole.
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Preventing tuberculosis infection from progressing to tuberculosis disease is a crucial component of the goal to eliminate tuberculosis. When deciding on the use of tuberculosis preventive therapy among household contacts, policy makers regularly ask questions, such as whether tuberculosis preventiv
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e therapy is effective, safe, and feasible in a programme setting and what it will cost. For contact management and tuberculosis preventive therapy for multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, studies from high-income and low-income countries have shown feasibility, safety, and effectiveness.
However, there is scarce information on the cost of tuberculosis preventive therapy for multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. In The Lancet Global Health, Peter Dodd and colleagues show that household contact management strategies are cost-effective even in low-income and middle-income countries, which has important policy implications for achieving the END TB Strategy goals.
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The Lancet Planetary Health Volume 6, ISSUE 5, e388-e390, May 01, 2022. As the Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment turns 50, the role of the health stakeholder community in forward-looking environmental agendas is more important than ever. Breathing air, drinking water, and eating food i
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s a daily requirement for healthy human bodies. These basic needs inextricably link human health to the health of our environment. Hence, core elements of the global environmental movement were built on concern for the negative impact of pollution on human and ecosystem health.
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Human rights-based approaches to the creation of knowledge involve application of human rights principles to both the content and process of knowledge creation. Human rights-based approaches have special significance for the sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of all people, in particul
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ar for women and girls, people living with disability, lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer or Intersex (LGBTQI) populations, refugees, migrants and other marginalised populations.
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This document aims to encourage countries to develop and implement policies to maintain and strengthen IPC programmes and measures in health care facilities in the context of the current ongoing transmission of the SARS-CoV-2, with recognition that epidemiological trends may vary and the risk of tra
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nsmission of other pathogens.
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The goal of the global outbreak response for monkeypox is to stop human-to-human transmission of monkeypox, with a priority focus on communities at high risk of exposure which may differ according to context, and to effectively use strong public health measures to prevent onward spread of the diseas
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e. Judicious use of vaccines can support this response. This interim guidance, developed with the advice and support of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) Working Group on smallpox and monkeypox vaccines, provides the first WHO recommendations on vaccines and immunization for monkeypox. Key points follow.
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