Lassa fever, a viral haemorrhagic fever with symptoms similar to those of Ebola virus disease, is endemic in much of West Africa and usually sparks a seasonal outbreak from December to March. Humans usually become infected with Lassa virus from exposure to urine and faeces of infected Mastomys rats.... Lassa virus may also be spread between humans through direct contact with the blood, urine, faeces or other bodily secretions of a person infected with Lassa fever.
These materials provide a general introduction to Lassa fever and are intended for personnel responding to outbreaks in complex emergencies or in settings where the basic environmental infrastructures have been damaged or destroyed.
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The Global Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP) for mpox, covering the six-month period from September 2024 to February 2025, provides a framework for public health preparedness and response to the mpox emergency. The current draft, subject to Member State input, outlines the urgent actio...ns needed at global, regional, and national levels.
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WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has determined that the upsurge of mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and a growing number of countries in Africa constitutes a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) under the International Health Regulations (2005...) (IHR). Dr Tedros’s declaration came on the advice of an IHR Emergency Committee of independent experts who met earlier in the day to review data presented by experts from WHO and affected countries. The Committee informed the Director-General that it considers the upsurge of mpox to be a PHEIC, with potential to spread further across countries in Africa and possibly outside the continent.
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The monkeypox virus (MPXV) clade I epidemic that has been affecting the Democratic Republic of the Congo
(DRC) since November 2023 has recently spread to several other African countries including Burundi, Rwanda,
Uganda and Kenya. The size of these outbreaks could be larger than reported due to un...der-ascertainment and
under-reporting.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) African Region website provides comprehensive information on cholera outbreaks across the continent. In 2024, 14 countries, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, and Nigeria, experienced significant outbreaks, with these three nations categoriz...ed as being in acute crisis.
The site offers access to Monthly Regional Cholera Bulletins, such as the May 2024 edition, which details the status of outbreaks, affected countries, and response measures.
Additionally, the website emphasizes the importance of coordinated responses to cholera outbreaks, highlighting efforts to enhance surveillance, provide medical supplies, and implement vaccination campaigns in high-risk areas.
Overall, the WHO African Region's cholera page serves as a vital resource for understanding the scope of cholera outbreaks and the ongoing initiatives to control and prevent the disease across the continent.
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The Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework is a World Health Assembly resolution adopted unanimously by all Member States in 2011. It brings together Member States, industry, other stakeholders and WHO to implement a global approach to pandemic influenza preparedness and response. The Frame...work includes a benefit-sharing mechanism called the Partnership Contribution (PC). The PC is collected as an annual cash contribution from influenza vaccine, diagnostic, and pharmaceutical manufacturers that use the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS). Funds are allocated for: (a) pandemic preparedness capacity building; (b) response activities during the time of an influenza pandemic; and (c) PIP Secretariat for the management and implementation of the Framework.
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WHO needs US$ 87.4 million over 6 months, from September 2024 to February 2025, to work with countries, partners and other stakeholders to stop and contain the current outbreak of mpox.
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On 14 August 2024, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) determined that the resurgence of Mpox in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and a growing number of countries in Africa constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Te...mporary recommendations are being developed with input from the International Health Regulations Emergency Committee and will be available in the coming days.
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Le Directeur général de l’OMS, le Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, a estimé que la recrudescence de variole simienne (mpox) en République démocratique du Congo (RDC) et dans un nombre croissant de pays d’Afrique constituait une urgence de santé publique de portée internationale (USPPI) au t...itre du Règlement sanitaire international (2005) (RSI).
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Given the circulation of the variant of clade I of mpox virus (MPXV) in the African Region, which is associated in the African Region with sustained transmission and the occurrence of cases in a wider range of age groups, including children, the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organiza...tion (PAHO/WHO) encourages Member States to remain vigilant to the possibility of introduction of this variant in the Americas, and to continue their surveillance efforts, including genomic sequencing of detected cases, with special emphasis on high-risk groups.
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On 13 August 2024, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) declared the ongoing Mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS). This was followed the next day by the World Health Organization (WHO), which extended the alert internationally as a public ...health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). After these declarations, many countries have made efforts to mobilize resources to introduce or expand laboratory testing, surveillance, and response activities. In particular, as the number of suspected cases surges in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Burundi, and the Central African Republic, and an increasing number of new countries report cases, there is an urgent need to implement testing to strengthen the Mpox response. However, access to appropriate quality assured diagnostics is a challenge. There is limited information on important characteristics, such as available test kits’ performance and ability to detect relevant clades.
To address the challenge of mpox access in the continent, the Africa CDC Diagnostic Advisory Committee (DAC) met in Kigali from 19-23 August 2024 to review the available evidence on molecular tests for Mpox and to shortlist tests that may be useful for Mpox testing in countries. The shortlist aims to provide guidance to Africa CDC, countries and partners on appropriate high-quality molecular tests to procure and use for the mpox response.
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En décembre 2022, la République démocratique du Congo a déclaré une flambée nationale de variole simienne. Un système de gestion des incidents est en place depuis février 2023, compte tenu du nombre croissant de cas signalés. Depuis septembre 2023, l’épidémie de variole simienne continu...e de se propager dans la province du Sud-Kivu, ainsi que, plus récemment, dans la province voisine du Nord-Kivu, du fait de la transmission par contact sexuel
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Mpox continues to affect people around the world. A new framework released today by WHO will guide health authorities, communities and other stakeholders in preventing and controlling mpox outbreaks, eliminating human-to-human transmission of the disease, and reducing spillover of the virus from ani...mals to humans.
Mpox is a viral illness caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). It can cause a painful rash, enlarged lymph nodes and fever. Most people fully recover, but some get very sick. The virus transmits from person to person through close, including sexual, contact. It also has animal reservoirs in east, central and west Africa, where spillovers from animals to humans can occasionally occur, sparking further outbreaks.
There are two different clades of the virus: clade I and clade II. Clade I outbreaks are deadlier than clade II outbreaks.
A major emergence of mpox linked to clade II began in 2017, and since 2022, has spread to all regions of the world. Between July 2022 and May 2023, the outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. While that outbreak has largely subsided, cases and deaths continue to be reported today, illustrating that low-level transmission continues around the world.
Currently, there is also a major outbreak of clade I virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where cases have been on the rise for decades. Since the beginning of the year, over 6500 cases and 345 deaths have been reported in the DRC. Almost half of these are among children under the age of 15 years.
The Strategic framework for enhancing prevention and control of mpox (2024–2027) provides a roadmap for health authorities, communities, and stakeholders worldwide to control mpox outbreaks in every context, advance mpox research and access to countermeasures, and to minimize zoonotic transmission.
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