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Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the legs or lower extremities is the narrowing or blockage of the vessels that carry blood from the heart to the legs. It is primarily caused by the buildup of fatty plaque in the arteries, which is called athero
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sclerosis. PAD can happen in any blood vessel, but it is more common in the legs than the arms.
more
Website last accessed on 20.03.2024
The International Cancer Control Partnership (ICCP) is a group of international organisations engaged in cancer control planning efforts. The Partners are see
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king to create synergies to maximize collective resources and efforts to support the development, implementation and evaluation of national cancer control plans.
more
The article "Time to Align: Development Cooperation for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases" argues for greater international cooperation and investment in addressing non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially in low- and middl
...
e-income countries. Traditionally, global health funding has focused on infectious diseases, but the growing burden of NCDs—such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes—necessitates new approaches to development assistance.
more
In 2015, Member States and the global health community committed to reduce premature mortality from
noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) by one third by 2030 (SDG target 3.4). Despite growing efforts, the pace of change in
most countries, and the policies and regulations required to achieve this goal,
...
are too slow, inadequate or insufficient.
Recognizing that public sector efforts alone are insufficient to address the prevention and control of NCDs, the Global
NCD Action Plan emphasizes the need for coordinated multisectoral and multistakeholder engagement, acknowledging
the role of nongovernmental organizations – including civil society groups, individuals with lived experience, academic
institutions and private sector entities. However, WHO notes that some Member States still have limited or no capacity
to establish or manage the implementation of engagement with private sector entities for the prevention and control of
noncommunicable diseases
more
Asthma is a long term illness of the lungs that causes the airways to become inflamed and produce lots of mucus. Viral infections, cold air, allergens, exercise, and smoke make the airways “twitchy”; they close easily causing asthma attacks with coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath (see wh
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at is asthma). Between attacks the airways are inflamed (see what is an allergy).
more
The guidance document provides a set of indicators for assessing the status of development, implementation and monitoring of key policy interventions for prevention and control of NCDs and injuries. It promotes city-level evidence based decision-mak
...
ing processes to identify gaps and take appropriates actions to strengthen responses. Additionally, using the standardized indicators can facilitate cross-city learning, sharing best practices and lessons learnt in implementing various policy interventions.
more
The document “Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Systems: A Guide to Planning” is a World Health Organization (WHO) guide designed to help countries develop and strengthen national surveillance and response systems for communicable d
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iseases . It explains why surveillance is essential for early detection of outbreaks, informed decision-making, and effective public health action, especially in the context of the revised International Health Regulations (2005).
The guide provides a structured approach to strategic and operational planning. It outlines how countries should assess their existing systems, define a vision and goals, identify expected key result areas (EKRAs), prioritize activities, set realistic targets, allocate resources, and monitor progress. It also includes practical tools such as templates, worksheets, and examples to support ministries of health in organizing planning workshops and developing multi-year strategic plans and annual operational plans. Overall, the document serves as a practical framework to improve preparedness, early warning, and response to public health emergencies.
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This job aide is a detailed step-by-step procedure used to implement daily monitoring of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) symptoms in hospitalised patients. It is a very important procedure because patients may have no symptoms of EVD on screening/triage
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and admission. However, these symptoms may develop during the hospital stay.
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It is believed that fruit bats are the natural hosts of the Ebola virus Introduced into the human population through close contact with infected animals. Introduction to Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) presentation is part of the EVD IPC training material
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for HC IIs and Pharmacies.
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This job aide is a detailed step-by-step procedure for PPE screening and triage in the context of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD).
This job aide is a summary of a step-by-step procedure for safe burial of a person who as died from confirmed, or probable Ebola Virus Disease (EVD).
The document is a World Health Organization publication about communicable disease surveillance and response systems. It explains that communicable disease surveillance is a core public health func
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tion used to collect, analyse and interpret health data so that outbreaks and other health threats can be detected early, monitored and responded to appropriately. The guide describes how surveillance systems help provide early warning of potential threats, support programme monitoring, enable outbreak detection and facilitate timely public health action to prevent disease spread. It also discusses the design and evaluation of surveillance systems and how the information they generate is used for decision-making in public health practice.
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The primary objective of this curriculum is to equip health and care workers with the essential knowledge and competencies necessary for delivering safe and effective care. By doing so it aims to significantly reduce HAIs and combat antimicrobial resistance, thereby safeguarding both patient and HCW
...
s well-being.
This curriculum is developed to meet the needs of IPC professionals responsible for developing learning resources and overseeing training within health care organizations. Moreover, the curriculum is intended to encompass all individuals involved in health care delivery and support. This holistic approach includes a wide range of staff -ranging from clinical workers to administrative and auxiliary services, thus ensuring a broad and inclusive approach to IPC training.
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The primary goal of the guideline is to improve the quality of care and the outcome in people with type 2 diabetes in low-resource settings. It recommends a set of basic interventions to integrate management of diabetes into primary health care. It will serve as basis for development of simple algor
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ithms for use by health care staff in primary care in low-resource settings, to reduce the risk of acute and chronic complications of diabetes. The guideline was developed by a group of external and WHO experts, following the WHO process of guideline development. GRADE methodology was used to assess the quality of evidence and decide the strength of the recommendations.
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The report "Assessing National Capacity for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases" provides an overview of the capacities of countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region to address noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) based on a 2019 su
...
rvey. It evaluates the progress of 22 countries in areas such as governance, policy implementation, health infrastructure, data collection, and healthcare resources for NCD prevention. The report highlights achievements and gaps, emphasizing the need for strengthened health systems, surveillance, and cross-sectoral collaboration to meet the WHO's global NCD targets. The findings guide further actions to reduce the burden of NCDs in the region.
more
The Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)1 was developed and validated to measure the primary clinical goal of asthma management as identified by international guidelines. They indicate that to achieve good c
...
ontrol, treatment should minimise day and night time symptoms, activity limitation, airway narrowing and rescue bronchodilator use and thus reduce the risk of life-threatening exacerbations and long-term morbidity. The importance of including all aspects of control in the assessment of individual patients was emphasised by a recent factor analysis which showed that clinical asthma is composed of distinct components which are not closely correlated with each other.6 However, in some studies it may not be possible to collect airway calibre or short-acting β2-agonists data. Previous analysis of non-clinical trial data suggested that when ACQ scores are analysed as group data, the heterogeneity of the way in which individual patients present with inadequate control is lost in the estimation of the mean and the need to measure each individual component of asthma control may become unnecessary. In this analysis, ACQ data from a clinical trial was used to evaluate the measurement properties (reliability, responsiveness, validity and interpretability), of three shortened versions of the ACQ. In addition, we have examined whether the precision and accuracy of estimating the effect of the intervention on asthma control was maintained when the two questions concerning airway calibre and short-acting β2-agonists use were omitted from the trial analysis.
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The Outbreak Toolkit is specifically designed for epidemiologists and field investigators operating at the frontline of complex emergencies and in resource-limited settings. It provides a comprehensive, up-to-date toolkit for investigating both infectious
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disease outbreaks and non-infectious events and hazards. By offering standardized tools, the Toolkit addresses the critical need for data consistency and facilitates effective data sharing across teams, locations, and timeframes. It serves as an essential asset for public health professionals confronting the unique challenges of outbreak response in demanding environments.
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The document “Interim Guidelines – Infectious Disease Outbreak Response and Analytic System” published by the United Nations provides a framework for how UN missions and organizations should detect, report, analyze, and respond to infectious
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disease outbreaks. It outlines a coordinated system for monitoring health threats, collecting and analyzing epidemiological data, and guiding decision-making during outbreaks. The guidelines define roles and responsibilities for different actors within the UN system, describe procedures for outbreak reporting and risk assessment, and emphasize early detection, information sharing, and coordinated response measures to protect personnel and maintain operational continuity during public health emergencies.
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The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Primary Screening Tool is a job aid developed to help healthcare workers identify individuals who may have symptoms or risk factors associated with Ebola before they enter a health facility. The tool supports the early
...
detection of suspected Ebola cases through an initial screening process, allowing for timely isolation, referral, and infection prevention measures. Its purpose is to reduce the risk of Ebola transmission within healthcare settings and strengthen outbreak preparedness and response efforts.
This screening tool was developed as part of Uganda’s Ebola preparedness and response activities during the 2022 Sudan Ebola Virus Disease outbreak.
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Healthcare waste management in the context of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) presentation is part of the EVD IPC training material to HC IIs and pharmacies. All waste in holding areas should be considered infectious. Staff should always wear appropriate
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personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling and treating hazardous waste.
more
