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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide ... miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

Paediatrics for Doctors in Papua New Guinea

Frank Shann and John Vince (2003)

A guide for doctors providing health services for children. 2nd edition

Guidelines for Clinical and Operational Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

José A. Caminero International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) (2013)

Fertilizing Crops to Improve Human Health: A Scientific Review

IPNI, IFA International Plant Nutrition Institute, International Fertilizer Industry Association (2012) C1

- The Role of Plant Nutrition in Supporting Food Security - Micronutrient Malnutrition: Causes, Prevalence, Consequences and Interventions - Fertilizer Application and Nutraceutical Content in Health-Functional Foods - Plant Nutrition and Health Risks Associated with Plant Diseases - Human Heal ... more

India: National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) Volume I

International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International (2007) C1

Volume I, 2005-06

Joint position paper on the provision of mobility devices in less resourced settings

World Health Organization; USAID (2011) C_WHO

A step towards implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) related to personal mobility.

A global brief on vector-borne diseases

World Health Organization (2014) C_WHO

With this World Health Day, WHO is drawing attention to a group of diseases that are spread by insects and other vectors, the heavy health and economic burdens they impose, and what needs to be done to reduce these burdens. Many of these diseases have been historically confined to distinct geographi ... more

Guidance on Housing

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, Tsunami Global Lessons Learned Project (2015)

Disaster Recovery Toolkit

Guidance on Land Use Planning

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, Tsunami Global Lessons Learned Project (2015)

Disaster Recovery Toolkit

Guidance on Livelihood

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, Tsunami Global Lessons Learned Project (2015)

Disaster Recovery Toolkit

Title II Technical Reference Materials. TRM - 01: Preventing Malnutrition in Children Under 2 Approach (PM2A): A Food - Assisted Approach

Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance II Project (FANTA - 2) (2010)

Risk factors of Cholera mortality

Global Task Force On Cholera Control (GTFCC) (2022) CC

To better adapt current case management practices and address excess mortality in otherwise treatable cases will require better knowledge of the demographic characteristics of the patients and comorbidities which can make severe dehydration harder to tolerate physiologically. With this in mind, a ... more

Venomous snake bites: clinical diagnosis and treatment

Toru Hifumi (2015) CC

Article published in: Journal of Intensive Care (2015) 3:16

India: The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill, 2011

Centre for Disability Studies, NALSAR University of Law Hyderabad (2011) C1

Extending health insurance in Ghana: effects of the National Health Insurance Scheme on maternity care

Agar Brugiavini and Noemi Pace (2016) C2

Health Economics Review, 2016 6:7 -Published: 11 February 2016

The Diabetic foot. Prevention and management in India Full Background document (Draft)

National Health Mission; Ministry of Health & Social Welfare India (2016) C1

Standard Treatment Guideline

Sierra Leone: Human Resources for Health Summit

Government of Sierra Leone, Ministry of Health and Sanitation; World Health Organization (WHO); European Union (EU); et al. (2016) C_WHO

Integration of EPI and paediatric HIV services for improved ART initiation in Zimbabwe

M. Prescott, C. Boeke, T. Gotora, et al. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) (2017) C1

Lineamientos para el Manejo Clínico y Operativo de la Tuberculosis Drogorresistente

J. A. Caminero, A. Van Deun, P. I. Fujiwara, et. al Unión Internacional Contra la Tuberculosis y Enfermedades Respiratorias (2013)

Don’t pollute my future! The impact of the environment on children’s health

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

In 2015, 5.9 million children under age five died (1). The major causes of child deaths globally are pneumonia, prematurity, intrapartum-related complications, neonatal sepsis, congenital anomalies, diarrhoea, injuries and malaria (2). Most of these diseases and conditions are at least partially cau ... more