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Qualitative assessment of community health workers’ perspective on their motivation in community-based primary health care in rural Malawi

Ndambo, M.K.; Munyaneza, F.; Aron, M.B. et al. BMC Health Services Research (2022) CC

Background: Community Health Workers (CHWs) have a positive impact on the provision of community-based primary health care through screening, treatment, referral, psychosocial support, and accompaniment. With a broad scope of work, CHW programs must balance the breadth and depth of tasks to mainta...in CHW motivation for high-quality care delivery. Few studies have described the CHW perspective on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to enhance their programmatic activities. Methods: We utilized an exploratory qualitative study design with CHWs employed in the household model in Neno District, Malawi, to explore their perspectives on intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and dissatisfiers in their work. Data was collected in 8 focus group discussions with 90 CHWs in October 2018 and March–April 2019 in seven purposively selected catchment areas. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using Dedoose. Results: Themes of complex intrinsic and extrinsic factors were generated from the perspectives of the CHWs in the focus group discussions. Study results indicate that enabling factors are primarily intrinsic factors such as positive patient outcomes, community respect, and recognition by the formal health care system but can lead to the chal- lenge of increased scope and workload. Extrinsic factors can provide challenges, including an increased scope and workload from original expectations, lack of resources to utilize in their work, and rugged geography. However, a posi- tive work environment through supportive relationships between CHWs and supervisors enables the CHWs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated enabling factors and challenges for CHW performance from their perspec- tive within the dual-factor theory. We can mitigate challenges through focused efforts to limit geographical distance, manage workload, and strengthen CHW support to reinforce their recognition and trust. Such programmatic empha- sis can focus on enhancing motivational factors found in this study to improve the CHWs’ experience in their role. The engagement of CHWs, the communities, and the formal health care system is critical to improving the care provided to the patients and communities, along with building supportive systems to recognize the work done by CHWs for the primary health care systems. more

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Financing Maternal and Child Health—What Are the Limitations in Estimating Donor Flows and Resource Needs?

Schäferhoff, M.; Schrade, C.; Yamey G. PLOS Med (2010) CC

Marco Schäferhoff and colleagues critique funding estimates for the maternal and child health Millennium Development Goals, and make recommendations for improving the tracking of financing flows and estimating the costs of scaling up interventions for mothers and children.

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Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Guide for Primary Health Care Providers

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIVAIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, TB Prevention New Jersey Medical School (2013) C_CDC

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Guidelines on Chemical Management in Health Care Facilities

Ministry of Health Malaysia (2010) C1

Specific Objectives • To increase the knowledge and awareness of personnel on chemical management. • To educate the personnel on the potential adverse health effects of chemical exposure. • To educate the personnel on the existing laws pertaining to handling of hazardous chemicals. • To... more

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HEARTS. Technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care. Systems of Monitoring

World Health Organization WHO, et al. (2018) C_WHO

Monitoring is a crucial element in any successful programme. It is important to know if health care facilities – and ultimately countries – are meeting the agreed goals and objectives for preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Monitoring is the on-going collection, management ...and use of information to assess whether an activity or programme is proceeding according to plan and/ or achieving defined targets. Not all outcomes of interest can be monitored. Clear outcomes must be identified that relate to the most important changes expected to result from the project and to what is realistic and measurable within the timescale of the project. Once these outcomes have been articulated, indicators can be chosen that best measure whether the desired outcomes are being met. To allow progress to be monitored, this module provides a set of indicators on CVD management. Agreeing on a set of indicators allows countries to compare progress in CVD management and treatment across different districts or subnational jurisdictions, as well as at a facility level, identify where performance can be improved, and track trends in implementation over time. Monitoring these indicators also helps identify problems that may be encountered so that implementation efforts can be redirected. This module starts from the collection of data at facility level, which is then “transferred up” the system: facility-level data are aggregated at subnational level to produce reports that allow tracking of facility and subnational performance over time and allow for comparison among facilities. National-level data are obtained through population-based surveys. Implementing a monitoring system requires action at many levels. At national and subnational levels, staff can determine how best to integrate data elements into existing data collection systems – such as the routine service-delivery data that are collected through facility-level Health Management Information Systems (HMIS). In the facility setting, personnel must be aware of what data are needed. Sample data-collection tools are included, recognizing that countries use different datamanagement systems for HMIS, so the CVD monitoring tools will be adapted to work with the HMIS system being used by the country, such that the indicators can be collected with minimal disruption/work to existing systems and tools more

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Guidelines for the management of sexually transmitted infections in the primary health care setting

Sexual Health and Blood Borne Virus Unit Centre for Disease Control (2012) C1

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Laboratory Waste Management Guidelines. Proper management of health care risk waste derived from a laboratory environment

Ministry of Health. The Goverment of the Kingdom of Swaziland (2013) C1

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Achieving quality universal health coverage through better water, sanitation and hygiene services in health care facilities: A focus on Cambodia and Ethiopia

World Health Organization (WHO) (2017) C_WHO

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Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition: Counselling Cards for Health Care Workers

Solidarity and Action Against The HIV Infection in India (SAATHII) (2011)

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HEARTS. Technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care. Implementation Guide

World Health Organization WHO, et al. (2018) C_WHO

HEARTS provides a set of locally adaptable tools for strengthening the management of CVD in primary health care. HEARTS is designed to enhance implementation of WHO PEN by providing: • operational guidance on further integrating CVD management • technical guidance on evaluating the impact of... more

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Checklist for assessing quality of healthcare - Facilities

Kenya Ministry of Health (2021) C1

Kenya Quality Model for Health - Level 2 Facilities

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Fit for women? Safe and decent PPE for women health and care workers. Excecutive Summary

Women for Global Health WGH (2022) CC

One of the many gender inequities in the health and care workforce that COVID-19 has exposed is around the fit and design of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The rapid onset and scale of COVID-19 led to shortages of PPE in most countries, causing preventable infection and mortality among healthc... more

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Evidence-based resources for all students, nurses, and other healthcare professionals

Clinical Pocket Reference (2018) CC

Evidence-based resources for all students, nurses, and other healthcare professionals - Clinical Pocket Reference

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Progress of selected Community Health Centres in achieving Basic Emergency Obstetric & Neonatal Care (BEmONC) status, December 2014

MamaYe Sierra Leone (2014) C1

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Disability inclusive health, safety & security management A vital part of Duty of Care

Philipp Burtzlaff & Tom van Herwijnen Christoffel Blinden Mission (CBM) (2016)

Original publication developed by CBM. CBM is an international Christian disability & development organisation committed to improving the quality of life of persons with disabilities in the poorest parts of the world. www.cbm.org

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Reforms in the Health Sector in Ukraine. Revolutionizing care: Ukraine's sectoral approach to anti-corruption health

Steingrüber, S. World Bank (2022) C2

Following the 2014 Euromaidan Revolution, Ukraine embarked on a national reform program to reduce widespread corruption within government. In the health sector, the government introduced several complementary reforms that aimed to improve the health outcomes of Ukrainian citizens, but designed in su... more

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Surface sampling of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A practical “how to” protocol for health care and public health professionals

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

The role of environmental contamination in transmission of COVID-19 virus is currently not clear. This protocol has been designed to determine (viable) virus presence and persistence on fomites in various locations where a patient infected with COVID-19 is currently receiving care or being isolated,... more

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WASH and Infection Prevention and Control in Health Care Facilities

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2020) C_UNICEF

This guidance note developed by UNICEF helps WASH staff in their preparedness and response to the current COVID-19 pandemic. It provides an overview of Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) and its intersection with water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). It also provides key actions that staff can i... more

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Improving the quality of nutrition and healthcare for women, adolescent girls, newborns and young children in Kenya

Right Start Initiative (2019) CC

The “Right Start Initiative” is a comprehensive program reaching nine countries in Asia and Africa, designed and run by the Nutrition International with the goal of improving the quality of nutrition for 100 million adolescent girls and women of reproductive age.

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A Social Media Toolkit for Healthcare Practitioners
recommended

World Health Organization WHO; Government of the United Kingdom (2021) C_WHO

Tackling COVID-19 misinformation. Ensuring communities have access to lifesaving public health information from trusted sources and are not misled by misinformation is essential to ending the COVID-19 pandemic. In an effort to empower doctors and nurses – some of the most effective and trusted... more

A Social Media Toolkit for Healthcare Practitioners recommended

A Social Media Toolkit for Healthcare Practitioners
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