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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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The Impacts of Climate Change on Health

The EcoHealth Alliance, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Reckitt (2021) CC

The new review paper, The Impacts of Climate Change on Health, identifies the extent to which increasing emissions, extreme weather and temperatures elevate health risks, from infectious disease to malnutrition, and assesses the associated health burden. It concludes that the health burden will exce... more

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Nigeria: Humanitarian Response Plan (January - December 2018)

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2017) C1

Now entering its ninth year, the crisis in north-east Nigeria has created vulnerabilities and humanitarian concerns. An estimated 7.7 million men, women, boys and girls are in acute need of protection and assistance. While the humanitarian community has provided life-saving assistance to over 5.6 mi... more

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United Nations COVID-19 Emergency Appeal Zambia (May - October 2020) (Revised July 2020)

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA; UNCT Zambia (2020) C2

The Government of Republic of Zambia reported the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 on 18th March 2020. As of April 27th, 2020, there were 89 confirmed cases, three deaths and 42 recoveries. Confirmed cases are located in three provinces: Lusaka (83 cases), Copperbelt province (5 cases) and Central ... more

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Preventing depression in the WHO European Region

World Health Organization WHO; Regional Office for Europe (2016) C_WHO

Depression is a leading cause of non-fatal disease burden worldwide, with a lifetime prevalence of 9% among European adult men and 17% among European adult women. The task at hand requires substantial investments in preventive mental health care, but the potential benefits can be equally rewarding.... more

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Operationalizing Protection during COVID-19 - Case Studies and Practices from the Field

Reliefweb; OCHA Services; UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2020) CC

27 March 2020 Countrys: World and Kenya, Zambia, Ethiopia The restrictions on movement imposed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic constitute one of the largest single global challenges that the humanitarian community has ever encountered. Maintaining continuity and quality in the delivery of e... more

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Inclusion of persons with disabilities in humanitarian action: 39 examples of field practices, and learnings from 20 countries

CBM; Handicap International (HI), and International Disability Alliance (IDA) (2019) C1

39 examples of field practices, and learnings from 20 countries, for all phases of humanitarian response. The report shows that deliberate and proactive action is required to ensure that persons with disabilities from all constituencies are systematically included and meaningfully participate in DRR... more

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A case study of the Uganda National Minimum Healthcare Package

Kadowa, Isaac Regional Network for Equity in Health in east and southern Africa (EQUINET) (2017) C1

Regional Network for Equity in Health in east and southern Africa (EQUINET): Disussion Paper 110
This report compiles evidence from published, grey literature and key informants on the UNMHCP since its introduction in Uganda’s health system, and findings were further validated during a oneda... more

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Сборник научных статей по материалам Конгресса ≪Психическое здоровье человека XXI века≫
recommended

Союз охраны психического здоровья, Issa, world council for psychotheraphy et al. Союз охраны психического здоровья, Issa, world council for psychotheraphy et al. (2016) C2

В сборнике представлены статьи специалистов в сфере охраны психического здоровья по различным академическим дисциплинам, включая общую медицину, психиатрию, пси�... more

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UNFPA Myanmar Annual Report 2017

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) (2018) C1

Ensuring reproductive rights for all

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Getting to know cerebral palsy
recommended

International Centre for Evidence in Disability (ICED); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) ; CBM; et al. (2014)

Working with parent groups – a training resource for facilitators, parents, caregivers, and persons with cerebral palsy. TThis manual aims to increase knowledge and skills in caring for a child with cerebral palsy. Research highlighted the significant needs of the caregivers, and how they can gai... more

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Syllabus and regualtions M.Sc. Nursing

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Goverment of India (2020) C1

Post Graduate programme is essential to prepare nurses to improve the quality of nursing education and practice in India. . Post graduate programme in nursing builds upon and extends competence acquired at the graduate levels, emphasizes application of relevant theories into nursing practice, ed... more

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Strengthening COVID-19 vaccine demand and uptake in refugees and migrants

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

an operational guide to support all those responsible for planning and implementing the rollout of COVID-19 vaccine to refugees and migrants at national and local levels, 14 March 2022

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Palliative Care Core Curriculum

African Palliative Care Association APCA (2012) C2

To contribute to the availability of basic knowledge and skills for the provision of palliative care in the African region, the African Palliative Care Association (APCA) has developed a competencybased core curriculum framework for use in introductory training on palliative care. The curriculum ... more

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Protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services: the revised Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative 2018 Implementation guidance

World Health Organization, UNICEF (2018) C_WHO

This updated implementation guidance is intended for all those who set policy for, or offer care to, pregnant women, families and infants: governments; national managers of maternal and child health programmes in general, and of breastfeeding- and BFHI-related programmes in particular; and health-f... more

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Abortion care guideline

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

The objective of this guideline is to present the complete set of all WHO recommendations and best practice statements relating to abortion. While legal, regulatory, policy and service-delivery contexts may vary from country to country, the recommendations and best practices described in this docume... more

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Abortion care guideline, 2nd ed

World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

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Limited Access Humanitarian Programming

Sandisan, P. Oxfam (2017) C1

Operational guidance for managing programme quality. These guidelines are about implementing the programme-quality standards of the Core Humanitarian Standard in limited access humanitarian response. They have been developed using approaches and tools tested by Oxfam, other INGOs and the UN in Afgh... more

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Details of the Certificate and Diploma in Mental Health Programme Proposed for 2011/0212 Academic Year

Faculty of Nursing, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone (2011) C2

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Barriers to accessing and receiving mental health care in Eastern Cape, South Africa

Isabell Schierenbeck, Peter Johansson, Lena M. C. Andersson, Dalena van Rooyen Health and Human Rights Journal (2013) C1

The right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health is enshrined in many international human rights treaties. However, studies have shown that people with mental disabilities are often marginalized and discriminated against in the fulfillment of their right to... more

Сборник научных статей по материалам Конгресса ≪Психическое здоровье человека XXI века≫ recommended

Getting to know cerebral palsy recommended

Сборник научных статей по материалам Конгресса ≪Психическое здоровье человека XXI века≫
recommended

Getting to know cerebral palsy
recommended