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Audit Service Sierra Leone: Report on the Audit of the Management of the Ebola Funds

The Audit Service Sierra Leone (2015)

The audit was undertaken in order to ascertain whether allocations and donations received directly by the Government of Sierra Leone, in the fight against the Ebola Virus Disease were utilised with due regard to economy and efficiency and that internal controls were observed accordingly. The audit f... more

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WHO guideline on the prevention and management of wasting and nutritional oedema (acute malnutrition) in infants and children under 5 years

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

Today, the World Health Organization (WHO) is advancing the global fight against acute malnutrition in children under 5 with the launch of its new guideline on the prevention and management of wasting and nutritional oedema (acute malnutrition). This milestone is a crucial response to the persistent... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Guidelines on hand hygiene in community settings

UN Childrens Fund UNICEF; World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

On Global Handwashing Day, WHO and UNICEF have released the first-ever global Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Community Settings to support governments and practitioners in promoting effective hand hygiene outside health care – across households, public spaces and institutions. Framing hand hygiene ... more

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The Logistics Handbook - A Practical Guide for the Supply Chain Management of Health Commodities

USAID Deliver (2011) C1

This resource offers practical guidance in managing the supply chain, with emphasis on health comodities. The handbook is particularly useful for program managers who design, manage, and assess logistics system for health program. The document includes detailed information about the design and imple... more

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The Sphere standards and the Coronavirus response

The Sphere (2021) C_Sphere

Updated 8 June 2021. The document has two sections: A. The first section covers fundamental principles which are crucial to a successful, holistic intervention. B. The second covers relevant standards and guidance in the handbook’s Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion (WASH) and Health... more

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Case Management for Survivors and At-risk Women, Children and Youth with Disabilities. Tool 10: Reflection Tool for GBV Practitioners

Women's Refugee Commission (WRC) and UNICEF Lebanon (2018) CC

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Response analysis and response choice in food security crises: a roadmap

Daniel Maxwell, Heather Stobaugh, John Parker and Megan McGlinchy ODI (2013)

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Security Management and Capacity Development: International agencies working with local partners

Singh, Iesha; European Interagency Security Forum (EISF) (2012) C2

This EISF report provides an analysis of the issues surrounding the relationship between NGO’s and their local partners. It includes a section on the topic and its background, responsabilities towards the partner organisation and particularly in terms of security, how to enable and help the partne... more

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Guidance On Evaluating Conflict, Prevention and Peacebuilding Activities: Working draft for application period

DAC Network on Conflict, Peace and Development Co-operation and DAC Network on Development Evaluation OECD Publishing (2008)

This working draft develops guidance on conducting effective evaluations of conflict prevention and peacebuilding work. The current working draft will be used for a one year application phase through 2008. It is the result of an ongoing collaborative project by the OECD DAC Networks on Development E... more

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Minimum Standards on Duty of Care in the Context of COVID-19
recommended

Inter-Agency Standing Committee IASC (2020) CC

Focusing on preventing and mitigating COVID-19 related risks, the standards aim to protect the health and safety of personnel, while ensuring that organizations continue to deliver on their mandates. Attention is paid to non-discrimination and ensuring that all personnel, regardless of nationality o... more

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Inter-Agency Reproductive Health Kits 6th Edition - Manual

Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Crisis IAWG and UNFPA (2021) C1

External Link

Chain-free initiative

World Health Organization WHO (2019) CC

The chain-free initiative evolved in response to an urgent need to: provide technical and financial support for hospital reform, improve domestic conditions for people with mental illness, develop community care programmes, raise mental health literacy in the community and among health workers, and ... more

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The Cost of Security Risk Management for NGOs

Finucane, C.; European Interagency Security Forum (EISF) (2013) C2

The Cost of Security Risk Management for NGOs explores the costs related to safety and security management for aid programmes. It aims to assist all aid practitioners to determine their risk management expenditure more accurately, and demonstrate an evidence-based approach when presenting this infor... more

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Undernutrition: Lessons From Niger

Manuel Sanchez-Montero and Núria Salse Ubach ACF International Network and Tripode (2011)

Harmonising proven strategies beyond the emergency phase. Zero Hunger Phase 2

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Who is Where, When, doing What (4Ws) Mental Health, Psychosocial and Protection Support in Jordan: Interventions Mapping Exercise

IMC Interrnational Medical Corps; World Health Organization WHO; UNICEF (2013) C2

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IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings. Checklist
recommended

Inter-Agency Standing Committee IASC (2008) C1

Armed conflicts and natural disasters cause significant psychological and social suffering to affected populations. The psychological and social impacts of emergencies may be acute in the short term, but they can also undermine the long-term mental health and psychosocial well-being of the affected ... more

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Strengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021

UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR (2021) C1

According to WHO, around 22% of adults in conflict settings have mental health conditions. This is almost triple to non-conflict settings. There is no generally accepted estimate for children but it is clear that children who are refugees, IDPs or who live in conflict settings have high levels of m... more

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Addressing Forced Displacement through Development Planning and Co-operation: Guidance for Donor Policy Makers and Practitioners

Mwangi, Annabel; Gamez, Laura et al. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2017) C1

OECD Development Policy Tools
Recognising that donor policies and responses constantly evolve, this guidance recommends that donors operating in situations of forced displacement prioritise three broad areas of work, where they can best contribute to existing capacities at the national, regiona... more

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Sphere for Assessment

The Sphere Project (2015) CC

Sphere unpacked

Minimum Standards on Duty of Care in the Context of COVID-19 recommended

IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings. Checklist recommended

Minimum Standards on Duty of Care in the Context of COVID-19
recommended

IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings. Checklist
recommended