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National consolidated Guidelines for comprehensive HIV prevention, care and treatment

World Health Organization (Africa) (2018) C_WHO

“Continuum of HIV services refers to a comprehensive package of HIV prevention, diagnostic, treatment, care and support services provided for people at risk of HIV infection or living with HIV and their families” August, 2018

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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National Guidelines for Comprehensive Care of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Services

Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania Government of Tanzania (2012) C1

3rd edition

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Operational guidelines for district HIV/AIDS Prevention Control Unit

National AIDS Control Organisation, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare , Government of India, (2008) C1

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A situational analysis of programmatic management of TB preventive treatment in the WHO South-East Asia Region

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

Tuberculosis (TB) prevention is essential for reaching the End TB targets in the South-East Asia Region (SEAR) of World Health Organization (WHO)1. The targets of 80% reduction in TB incidence rate and 90% reduction in TB mortality by 2030 (compared to 2015 levels) can be achieved only with addition... more

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Interim Guidelines on Management of COVID-19 in Kenya - COVID-19, Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) and Case Management

Dr. P. Amoth; Dr. S. K. Kibias Ministry of Health; University of Nairobi (2020) C2

Accessed: 02.05.2020 These consolidated guidelines provide recommendations for comprehensive prevention and case management strategies in Kenya Scope of the Guidelines: Infection prevention and control Patient triage Emergency Medical Services Case management Laboratory testing algorithm Target... more

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Guidelines for the prevention, management and care of diabetes mellitus

World Health Organization WHO (2006) C_WHO

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases worldwide. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region there has been a rapid increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and it is now the fourth leading cause of death. The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, the emergence of ... more

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National strategy for scaling up male circumcision for HIV prevention 2010 - 2015

Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, National AIDS Control Programme, Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania (2010) C1

Enhancing Men’s Role in HIV Prevention

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National infection prevention and control guidelines for TB MDR TB and XDR-TB

National Department of Health, Republic of South Africa (2015) C2

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Plan of Action for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control 2018-2030

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2018) C_WHO

This Plan envisions a future with the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem as a result of universal access to sexual health and STI prevention services, HPV vaccines, effective screening and precancer treatment services, treatment of invasive cervical cancer, and palliative care... more

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African Union Health Information Exchange Guidelines and Standards

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

The application of digital health technology is growing at a rapid rate in Africa, with the goals of improving the delivery of healthcare services and more effectively reaching out to remote and underserved communities. The lack of enabling guidelines and standards across the continent, on the other... more

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mhGAP Humanitarian Intervention Guide (mhGAP-HIG): Clinical management of mental, neurological and substance use conditions in humanitarian emergencies
recommended

World Health Organization, UN High Commissioner for Refugees (2015) C_WHO

The new guide provides practical, first-line management recommendations for mental, neurological and substance use conditions. Contents include modules on assessing and managing conditions such as acute stress, grief, moderate-severe depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, epilepsy, and... more

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Assessing national capacity for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: report of the 2010 global survey

World Health Organization (2012) C_WHO

This report reviews the current situation in relation to national capacity to address NCDs and the progress made at country level over the past decade. It highlights that, while progress is being made, there is still much work to be done to create the infrastructure, policies, surveillance and healt... more

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COVID-19 Managment: Curriculum for Community Health Workers
recommended

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) C1

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), sub-Saharan Africa has only 3% of the world’s health workers to cater for 11% of the world population, bearing over 25% of the global disease burden (WHO, 2014). With a steady increase in reported cases on the African Continent, the current COVID-1... more

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Rwanda: Country profile: Violence and injuries - Violence prevention

World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) C_WHO

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Guidelines for diagnosing, preventing and managing cryptococcal disease among adults, adolescents and children living with HIV
recommended

World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

Cryptococcal disease is one of the most common opportunistic infections among people living with advanced HIV disease and is a major contributor to severe illness, morbidity, and mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. These guidelines update the recommendations that were first released i... more

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Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Chikungunya Fever - 2009

World Health Organization - Regional Office for South-East Asia (2009) CC

This guideline for the prevention and control of chikungunya fever (CF) is intended for use by all peripheral health workers in the Region and is based on the strategy outlined above. This document will focus mainly on preventing, predicting and detecting outbreaks, and after detection, investig... more

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Summary of Guidance for Public Health Strategies to Address High Levels of Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Related Deaths, December 2020

Honein MA, Christie A, Rose DA, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2020) C_CDC

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. ePub: 4 December 2020. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6949e2

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Global status report on violence prevention 2014

World Health Organization (2014)

The Global status report on violence prevention 2014, which reflects data from 133 countries, is the first report of its kind to assess national efforts to address interpersonal violence, namely child maltreatment, youth violence, intimate partner and sexual violence, and elder abuse. Jointly publis... more

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Regional action framework for noncommunicable disease prevention and control in the Western Pacific

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The Regional Action Framework for Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control provides a unified vision of objectives and recommended actions to combat the noncommunicable disease (‎NCD)‎ epidemic in the Western Pacific Region. Implementation should be supported by cross-sectoral coordination... more

mhGAP Humanitarian Intervention Guide (mhGAP-HIG): Clinical management of mental, neurological and substance use conditions in humanitarian emergencies recommended

COVID-19 Managment: Curriculum for Community Health Workers recommended

Guidelines for diagnosing, preventing and managing cryptococcal disease among adults, adolescents and children living with HIV recommended

mhGAP Humanitarian Intervention Guide (mhGAP-HIG): Clinical management of mental, neurological and substance use conditions in humanitarian emergencies
recommended

COVID-19 Managment: Curriculum for Community Health Workers
recommended

Guidelines for diagnosing, preventing and managing cryptococcal disease among adults, adolescents and children living with HIV
recommended