the aid library

Filter

4252

Control and elimination of Schistosoma mansoni infection in adult individuals on Ukerewe island, northwestern Tanzania: baseline results before implementation of intervention measures

Mazigo, H.D.; Chiombola, C.E., S. Mugassa, et al. (2024) CC

BMC Infectious Diseases (2024) 24:1102 Communities living along the shoreline and on the islands of Lake Victoria in northwestern Tanzania remain endemic for schistosomiasis and suffer from the life-threatening morbidities associated with the dise ... more

External Link

Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physi ... cal activity occurs may promote physical activity at a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

External Link

Modelling historical changes in the force-of-infection of Chagas disease to inform control and elimination programmes: application in Colombia

Cucunubá, Z.; Nouvellet, P.; Conteh, L. BMJ Global Health (2022) CC

BMJ Glob Health 2017;2:e000345. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000345. WHO's 2020 milestones for Chagas disease include having all endemic Latin American countries certified with no intradomiciliary Trypanosoma cruzi transmission, and infected patients unde ... more

Download

View PDF

South Africa - Country Cooperation Strategy 2023 - 2027

World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

The South African WHO Country Cooperation Strategy (CCS) 2023–2027 focuses on four key strategic priorities based on the country’s health needs and disease epidemiology, while also considering the need for building resilient health systems ... more

Download

View PDF

Improving the global diagnosis and management of asthma in children

Lenney, W.; Bush, A.; Fitzgerald, D.A. et al. BMJ Journals (2018) CC

Asthma is the most common chronic condition in children worldwide. It affects daytime activities, sleep and school attendance and causes anxiety to parents, families and other carers. The quality of asthma diagnosis and management globally still needs substantial improvement. From infancy to the tee ... more

Download

View PDF

Surveillance and outbreak management of water-related infectious diseases associated with water-supply systems

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe (2019) C_WHO

his publication addresses surveillance and outbreak management of WRID associated with drinking-water supply systems, building on existing guidelines for infectious disease surveillance and outbreak response. It aims to help countries to build on an ... more

Download

View PDF

Global report on psoriasis

World Health Organization WHO (2016) C_WHO

Psoriasis, which can involve the skin, nails and joints, is a chronic, painful, disfiguring and disabling noncommunicable disease (NCD) for which there is no cure. It negatively impacts on quality of life. Some of those who suffer from the disease d ... more

External Link

Laboratory techniques in rabies Fifth edition Volume 2

Rupprecht, C.; Fooks, A.; Abela-Ridder, B. World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

Rabies has an enormous impact on both agriculture and conservation biology, but its greatest burden is undeniably on public health. As such, routine methods for rapid risk assessment after human exposures to rabies as well as applications ... more

Download

View PDF

Vitamin A Supplementation Programs and Country-Level Evidence of Vitamin A Deficiency

Wirth, James P.; Petry, Nicolai and others (2017) CC

Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) programs targeted at children aged 6–59 months are implemented in many countries. By improving immune function, vitamin A (VA) reduces mortality associated with measles, diarrhea, and other illnesses. There is currently a debate regarding the relevance of VAS, but a ... more

External Link

IDF Diabetes Atlas 2021

International Diabetes Federation IDF (2022) C1

10th edition The IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th edition provides detailed information on the estimated and projected prevalence of diabetes, globally, by region, country and territory, for 2021, 2030 and 2045. It draws attention to the growing impact of d ... more

Download

View PDF

Infection prevention and control in the context of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A living guideline
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

This second edition of the Infection prevention and control in the context of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A living guideline provides the most up to date technical guidance on mask use in community settings in the context of COVID-19. In this edition, new information includes updated mask re ... more

Download

View PDF

Programmatic innovations to address challenges in tuberculosis prevention and care during the COVID-19 pandemic

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

13 May 2021 To avoid a reversal of progress from the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, new knowledge and lessons from successful programmatic innovations are urgently needed to improve TB prevention and care. Experience can provide evidence for ... more

Download

View PDF

Assistive technology capacity assessment (ATA-C) Instruction Manual

World Health Organization WHO, et al. (2021) C_WHO

The assistive technology capacity assessment (ATA-C) is a system-level tool to evaluate a country’s capacity to finance, regulate, procure and provide assistive technology. It can be used for awareness raising, policy and programme design, and ong ... more

External Link

Trend analysis of cardiovascular disease mortality, incidence, and mortality-to-incidence ratio: results from global burden of disease study 2017

Amini, M.; Zayeri, F.; Salehi, M. BioMed Central (2021) CC

Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the global leading causes of concern due to the rising prevalence and consequence of mortality and disability with a heavy economic burden. The objective of the current study was to analyze the trend in CVD incidence, mortality, and mortality-to- ... incidence ratio (MIR) across the world over 28 years. Methods The age-standardized CVD mortality and incidence rates were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2017 for both genders and different world super regions with available data every year during the period 1990–2017. Additionally, the Human Development Index was sourced from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) database for all countries at the same time interval. The marginal modeling approach was implemented to evaluate the mean trend of CVD incidence, mortality, and MIR for 195 countries and separately for developing and developed countries and also clarify the relationship between the indices and Human Development Index (HDI) from 1990 to 2017. Results The obtained estimates identified that the global mean trend of CVD incidence had an ascending trend until 1996 followed by a descending trend after this year. Nearly all of the countries experienced a significant declining mortality trend from 1990 to 2017. Likewise, the global mean MIR rate had a significant trivial decrement trend with a gentle slope of 0.004 over the time interval. As such, the reduction in incidence and mortality rates for developed countries was significantly faster than developing counterparts in the period 1990–2017 (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, the developing nations had a more rather shallow decrease in MIR compared to developed ones. Conclusions Generally, the findings of this study revealed that there was an overall downward trend in CVD incidence and mortality rates, while the survival rate of CVD patients was rather stable. These results send a satisfactory message that global effort for controlling the CVD burden was quite successful. Nonetheless, there is an urgent need for more efforts to improve the survival rate of patients and lower the burden of this disease in some areas with an increasing trend of either incidence or mortality. more

Download

View PDF

Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults

World Health Organization WHO (2014) C_WHO

Skin and mucosal conditions are extremely common in all children and adults in particular in HIV-infected adults and children and are one of the commonest daily management problems faced by health care workers caring for patients with HIV infection

External Link

World Report on Ageing and Health

John Beard, Alana Officer, Andrew Cassels et al. World Health Organization WHO (2015) C_WHO

Comprehensive public health action on population ageing is urgently needed. This will require fundamental shifts, not just in the things we do, but in how we think about ageing itself. The World report on ageing and health outlines a framework for a ... more

Download

View PDF

Public knowledge of cardiovascular disease and response to acute cardiac events in three municipalities in Brazil

Bartlett, E. S.; Flor, L.S.; Souto Medeiros, D. et al. Open Heart (2020) CC

Objective: To conduct a landscape assessment of public knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors and acute myocardial infarction symptoms, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) awareness and training in three underserved communities in Brazil. Metho ... more

Download

View PDF

Delivering Universal Health Coverage 2030 Health: A political choice

Ilona Kickbusch WHO (2019) CC

At least half of the world’s population does not have full coverage of essential health services. Health expenses push more than 100 million people into extreme poverty each and every year, forcing them into terrible choices that no one should ever have to make: Buy medicine or food? Education or ... more

Download

View PDF

Living in Chains: Shackling of People with Psychosocial Disabilities Worldwide

Human Rights Watch HRW (2020) C1

The report examines how people with mental health conditions are often shackled by families in their own homes or in overcrowded and unsanitary institutions, against their will, due to widespread stigma and a lack of mental health services. Many are forced to eat, sleep, urinate, and defecate in t ... more

External Link

Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) Policy 2017-2022

United Nations Population Fund UNFPA, Ministry of Health Malawi Ministry of Health Malawi (2017) CC

The revision of the SRHR Policy is based on the results of the analysis of the implementation process of the past policy, which has provided evidence to ensure that the revised policy is relevant and effective. The revision has also been done with the participation of all ... more

Infection prevention and control in the context of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A living guideline recommended

Infection prevention and control in the context of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A living guideline
recommended