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Global spending on health: rising to the pandemic’s challenges

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

The results of the report clearly show that in 2020, a year dominated by the emergence of COVID-19 and its associated health and economic crises, governments around the world rose to the challenge. Sharp increases in government spending on health at all country income levels underpinned the rise in ... more

Women´s Mental Health: An evidence based review

WHO WHO (2000) C_WHO

This document adopts a health determinants framework for examining the evidence related to women’s poor mental health. From this perspective, public policy including economic policy, socio-cultural and environmental factors, community and social support, stressors and life events, personal behavio ... more

Challenges in management and prevention of ischemic heart disease in low socioeconomic status people in LLMICs

Gupta, R.; Yusuf, S. BMC Medicine (2019) CC

Cardiovascular diseases, principally ischemic heart disease (IHD), are the most important cause of death and disability in the majority of low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs). In these countries, IHD mortality rates are significantly greater in individuals of a low socioeconomic status ( ... more

Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World

Institute of Medicine (2010) CC

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is often thought to be a problem of wealthy, industrialized nations. The term “cardiovascular disease” is used throughout the report to refer to cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the brain and kidney, and peripheral vascular disease. The report’s main focus is ... more

Subsanar las brechas. Disparidades en cuanto a la salud de las personas mayores LGBTI en la Región de las Américas

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The chapter Closing the Gap: The Health Disparities of Older LGBTI People in the Americas, is part of the publication series titled ‘Decade of Healthy Aging: situation and challenges’. In order to outline the current knowledge available on the situation of health and well-being of older persons ... more

Closing the Gap: The Health Disparities of Older LGBTI People in the Americas

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The chapter Closing the Gap: The Health Disparities of Older LGBTI People in the Americas, is part of the publication series titled ‘Decade of Healthy Aging: situation and challenges’. In order to outline the current knowledge available on the situation of health and well-being of older persons ... more

Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ... is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

Malawi Growth and Development Strategy II 2011-2016

Government of Malawi, Ministry of Health (2012) C1

Challenges impacting on the quality of care to persons living with HIV/AIDS and other terminal illnesses with reference to Kanye community home-based care programme

Kang'ethe, S.M. Journal of Social Aspects of HIVAIDS (2009) C2

Innocenti Insight - CHILDREN AND DISABILITY IN TRANSITION IN CEE/CIS AND BALTIC STATES

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) (2005)

Targeting of social Protection in 11 Ethiopian villages

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2018) C1

THE WORLD BANK AND DISABILITY IN SOUTH ASIA A PORTFOLIO REVIEW

World Bank (2003) C2

Encuesta sobre Condiciones de Vida en Venezuela

Luis Pedro España N. and Maria G. Ponce Z. Universidad Católica Andrés Bello (2018) C2

ENCOVI 2017

Sri Lanka - Guidance Disability Information Sheet

CBM Australia (2014)

Una mirada a la situación social de la población venezolana

A. Freitez, M. González and G. Zúñiga (2015) C1

Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida 2014 (ENCOVI 2014)

6th annual Goalkeepers Report; Future of Progress
recommended

The Gates Foundation (2022) CC

Halfway into the SDGs era, it's time to change our approach. You can find more infographics in the interactive Report on the Website

The Economic Costs of Exclusion and Gains of Inclusion of People with Disabilities

Lena Morgon Banks and Sarah Polack International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (2015) C2

Evidence from Low and Middle Income Countries

We can't stop at almost. 2025 Goalkeeper Report
recommended

The Gates Foundation (2025) CC

2025 is the first year of this century where child deaths will increase. But we can stop this reversal before it becomes a trend, even in a time of tight budgets. With proven solutions and next-generation innovations that do more with less, we can save millions of children's lives, protect the pro ... more

Fast ist nicht genug. 2025 Goalkeeper Report
recommended

The Gates Foundation (2025) CC

2025 ist das erste Jahr dieses Jahrhunderts, in dem die Kindersterblichkeit steigen wird. Aber wir können diese Umkehrung stoppen, bevor sie zu einem Trend wird, selbst in Zeiten knapper Budgets. Mit bewährten Lösungen und Innovationen der nächsten Generation, die mit weniger mehr erreichen, k ... more

Ne nous arrêtons pas à mi-chemin. Rapports
recommended

The Gates Foundation (2025) CC

2025 sera la première année de ce siècle où le nombre de décès d'enfants augmentera. Mais nous pouvons mettre fin à ce renversement de tendance avant qu'il ne devienne une norme, même en période de restrictions budgétaires. Grâce à des solutions éprouvées et à des innovations de nou ... more