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Infection prevention and control (IPC) in a CTC/ CTU IPC are all practical measures taken in the healthcare facility to prevent harm caused by infections to patients, health workers
...
and communities.
The main goal of IPC in the cholera response is to
• To reduce transmission of health care-associated infections of cholera and any other infectious disease
• To enhance the safety of staff, patients and visitors
• To enhance the ability of the organization/health care facility to respond to an outbreak
• To reduce the risk of the hospital (health care facility) itself amplifying the outbreak
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
WASH are all measures taken to guarantee environmental hygiene, safe water of all used within the health facility. It encompasses water, sanitation, waste management, cleaning within the health facility which in this case is CTU/C. A complete WASH package in the CTU/CTC reduces the risk of spread of Vibrio cholerae inside and outside the CTC/CTU.
The probability of spreading or acquiring cholera through a CTC/CTU can be highly reduced when proper IPC and WASH measures are respected, followed and monitored. These measures are, in principle, valid in CTC/CTUs and ORPs, although they need to be adapted to the specific characteristics of the facility concerned.
more
Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal disease caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium V.
cholerae. It has a short incubation period of a few hours to 5 days. It is endemic in some countries, frequently
showing seasonal variations in the number of reported cases. Cholera a
...
lso has the potential to cause explosive
outbreaks which may be localized or may expand to large geographic areas
more
Technical Note: Cholera treatment facilities provide inpatient care for cholera patients during outbreaks. Proper case management and isolation of cholera patients is essential to prevent deaths
...
and help control the spread of
the disease. Traditionally, these structures have been referred to as cholera treatment centres (CTCs) and
cholera treatment units (CTUs). CTCs are usually large structures set up at central level (e.g. urban areas),
while CTUs are smaller structures set up in the periphery (e.g. peri-urban or rural areas). CTCs/CTUs can
be set up as independent structures in tents or within existing buildings or wards of health structures.
Whatever the structure, the principles described in this document should be respected
more
Nature communications, 16, 906 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56116-1
Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Developing Countries: Balancing Optimal Glycaemic Control and Outcomes with Affordability and Accessibility to Treatment
Mohan, V.; Khunti, K.; Chan,S.P.; et al.
National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information
(2020)
CC3
With the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, particularly in emerging countries, its management in the context of available resources should be considered. International guidelines, while comprehensive and scientifically valid, may not be appropr
...
iate for regions such as Asia, Latin America or Africa, where epidemiology, patient phenotypes, cultural conditions and socioeconomic status are different from America and Europe. Although glycaemic control and reduction of micro- and macrovascular outcomes remain essential aspects of treatment, access and cost are major limiting factors; therefore, a pragmatic approach is required in restricted-resource settings. Newer agents, such as sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in particular, are relatively expensive, with limited availability despite potentially being valuable for patients with insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications. This review makes a case for the role of more accessible second-line treatments with long-established efficacy and affordability, such as sulfonylureas, in the management of type 2 diabetes, particularly in developing or restricted-resource countries.
more
How to Improve Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Africa, and How to Reduce Its Consequences: A Call to Action From the World Hypertension League
Parati, G.; Lackland, G.T.; Campbell, N.R.C. et al.
Hypertension Volume 79, Issue 9, September 2022; Pages 1949-1961
(2022)
CC
Hypertension is the leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and disability globally. In low- and middle-income countries hypertension has a major social impact, increasing the di
...
sease burden and costs for national health systems. The present call to action aims to stimulate all African countries to adopt several solutions to achieve better hypertension management. The following 3 goals should be achieved in Africa by 2030: (1) 80% of adults with high blood pressure in Africa are diagnosed; (2) 80% of diagnosed hypertensives, that is, 64% of all hypertensives, are treated; and (3) 80% of treated hypertensive patients are controlled. To achieve these aims, we call on individuals and organizations from government, private sector, health care, and civil society in Africa and indeed on all Africans to undertake a few specific high priority actions. The aim is to improve the detection, diagnosis, management, and control of hypertension, now considered to be the leading preventable killer in Africa.
more
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 117: e210277chgsa, 2022. online | memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br
The Pharmaceutical Forum of the Americas (PFA) has previously published guidelines and organised campaigns for community pharmacists on the prevention, detection and
...
control of arbovirus infections in 2018 with a grant from the FIP Foundation for Pharmacy Education and Research. Building on that expertise, FIP joined efforts with the PFA and is now publishing its first-ever handbook to support pharmacists in the
area of vector-borne diseases. As the integration of the regional forums in FIP advances, such collaborative projects are tangible results of an increasingly regionally informed and regionally targeted work by FIP.
more
The document is a pocket guide for establishing and operating a Cholera Treatment Center (CTC). It provides guidelines on selecting a location, triaging patients based on dehydration severity, infec
...
tion control measures, and ensuring sufficient medical supplies. The guide emphasizes maintaining hygiene, proper waste management, and security while offering detailed protocols for treating moderate and severe cases of cholera. It is intended to support healthcare workers in efficiently managing cholera outbreaks.
more
African Antibiotic Treatment Guidelines for Common Bacterial Infections and Syndromes – Recommended Antibiotic Treatments in Adult Patients
recommended
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy
(2021)
CC
African Antibiotic Treatment Guidelines for Common Bacterial Infections and Syndromes – Final Report
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy
(2021)
CC
Scientific advice
Prevention and control of communicable diseases in prison settings.
MMWR: Recommendations and Reports / Vol. 62 / No. 9
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
October 25, 2013
This statement aims to provide guidance and recommendation to African Union Member States in responding to the following questions:
What should countries do when announcing identification of a herbal remedy or medicine?
What are the implic
...
ations for the rest of the continent?
more
