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Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Nigeria

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis across Africa and lays out urgent policy recommendations to addr ... more

Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Malawi

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis across Africa and lays out urgent policy recommendations to addr ... more

Executive Summary - Chapter 2 Health Services

T. F. Babor; K. Stenius ATLAS on substance use (2010)— Resources for the prevention and treatment of substance use disorder; WHO (2019) C_WHO

ATLAS on substance use (2010) — Resources for the prevention and treatment of substance use disorders Accessed: 14.03.2019

Recommendations for pharmacy management and the dispensing ofAnti-RetroviralMedicines in Resource-limited settings

FIP Working Group on Pharmacists and HIV-AIDS InternationalPharmaceuticalFederation (2008) CC

Human Resources for Health South Africa 2030

Strengthening South Africa's Response to HIV and Health (SARRAH) (2011) C2

HRH SA 2030 | Draft HR Strategy for the Health Sector: 2012/13 – 2016/17 Consultation Document

Certified African Regional professionals: Level 1 Biorisk Management

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) Biosafety and Biosecurity Initiative was launched by the Africa CDC in April 2019 with the aim of strengthening the African Union (AU) Member States’ biosafety and biosecurity syst ... more

Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ... is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

Mpox Surveillance Reporting Protocol for African Union Member States

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2024) CC

On 13 August 2024, the Africa Centres for Disease Control (Africa CDC) declared the multi-country mpox outbreak a public health emergency of continental security, with strong recommendations to improve surveillance and vaccine deployment in all AU Member States. On 14 August 2024, the WHO Director-G ... more

SAVE Advocacy Strategy - The Kenyan Case Study

Inerela + Kenya (International Network of Religious Leaders Living with or personally affected by HIV - Kenya Chapter); Christian aid (2019) C2

Accessed: 17.11.2019

Quality Assurance Framework for SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Testing for Diagnosis of COVID-19
recommended

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention; AMREF; ASLM; et al. (2021) CC

ASLM in collaboration with the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, and in partnership with the Clinton Health Access Initiative, Amref and Last Mile Health present the Quality Assurance Framework for SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Testing f ... more

Review of the national tuberculosis programme in Romania

P. de Colombani, V. Hollo, N. Jansen, et al. World Health Organization; European Centre for disease prevention and Control (2015) C_WHO

10–21 March 2014

Community health workers, recipients’ experiences and constraints to care in South Africa – a pathway to trust

Nonhlanhla Nxumalo, Jane Goudge & Lenore Manderson AIDS Care Psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of AIDSHIV (2016) CC

Cadre de l'Assurance Qualité Test de Diagnostic Rapide de l'Antigene COV-2-SARS
recommended

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention; AMREF; ASLM; et al. (2021) CC

ASLM in collaboration with the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, and in partnership with the Clinton Health Access Initiative, Amref and Last Mile Health present the Quality Assurance Framework for SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Testing f ... more

EPI Comprehensive Multiyear Plan 2012-2016

Republic of Senegal , Ministry of Public Health and Prevention, Department of Medical Prevention (2011) C1

COVID-19 & Community Health Workers
recommended

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) CC

2-Day Orientation training Orientation Training, 1 Febr. 2021 Community Health Workers (CHWs) are an essential part of the Partnership to Accelerate COVID-19 Testing (PACT) Initiative • Africa CDC set up PACT to drive forward the Africa Union Joint Continental Strategy for COVID-19 Available in ... more

Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Training Manual

WHO Collaborating Centre for Capacity Building and Research in Community-based Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India. World Health Organization WHO, India (2019) C_WHO

WHO Package of Essential NCD Interventions (PEN) Accessed March 18,2019

Research and Development Priorities for COVID-19 in Africa

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention; World Health Organization WHO, et al. (2021) CC

February 2021. Improving our response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in Africa requires regularly updated information, constant innovation, and considerable support towards research and development (R&D) for priorities that respond to the African realities. Shaping the research agenda and stimula ... more

Screening for sexually transmitted disease during the domestic medical examination for nearly arrived refugees

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (2014) C_CDC

Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2020-2019 data

World Health Organization; European Centre for disease prevention and Control (2021) C_WHO

Surveillance Report

Questions and Answers About Tuberculosis
recommended

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014) C_CDC