The World Health Organization's Regional Office for Africa webpage on diabetes provides an overview of the disease's impact in the African Region. It highlights that diabetes is a serious, chronic, and costly condition, with projections estimating cases to rise to 23.9 million by 2030. The page outl...ines risk factors such as physical inactivity, overweight and obesity, tobacco use, and diets high in unhealthy fats and calories. It also discusses the three main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Recent surveys indicate that up to 15% of adults aged 25 to 64 in the region have diabetes, with many unaware of their condition. The lack of access to proper treatment and medications, especially insulin, often leads to complications like neurological, vascular, or visual disorders, heart disease, stroke, lower limb amputation, and kidney failure.
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The document provides the NICE Quality Standard for managing Type 2 diabetes in adults (QS209). It outlines evidence-based recommendations for preventing Type 2 diabetes, structured education, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), medication such as SGLT2 inhibitors, and regular care processes to mon...itor complications. The guidelines emphasize individualized care, addressing health inequalities, and improving patient outcomes. They are intended to support healthcare professionals and services in delivering high-quality, equitable diabetes care.
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The number of people with diabetes has risen from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014.
The global prevalence of diabetes* among adults over 18 years of age has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014.
Diabetes prevalence has been rising more rapidly in middle- and low-income countries.
Dia...betes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and lower limb amputation.
In 2012, an estimated 1.5 million deaths were directly caused by diabetes and another 2.2 million deaths were attributable to high blood glucose.
Almost half of all deaths attributable to high blood glucose occur before the age of 70 years.
WHO projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030
Healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body weight and avoiding tobacco use are ways to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes can be treated and its consequences avoided or delayed with diet, physical activity, medication and regular screening and treatment for complications.
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With the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, particularly in emerging countries, its management in the context of available resources should be considered. International guidelines, while comprehensive and scientifically valid, may not be appropriate for regions such as Asia, Latin America or Afr...ica, where epidemiology, patient phenotypes, cultural conditions and socioeconomic status are different from America and Europe. Although glycaemic control and reduction of micro- and macrovascular outcomes remain essential aspects of treatment, access and cost are major limiting factors; therefore, a pragmatic approach is required in restricted-resource settings. Newer agents, such as sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in particular, are relatively expensive, with limited availability despite potentially being valuable for patients with insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications. This review makes a case for the role of more accessible second-line treatments with long-established efficacy and affordability, such as sulfonylureas, in the management of type 2 diabetes, particularly in developing or restricted-resource countries.
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The primary goal of the guideline is to improve the quality of care and the outcome in people with type 2 diabetes in low-resource settings. It recommends a set of basic interventions to integrate management of diabetes into primary health care. It will serve as basis for development of simple algor...ithms for use by health care staff in primary care in low-resource settings, to reduce the risk of acute and chronic complications of diabetes. The guideline was developed by a group of external and WHO experts, following the WHO process of guideline development. GRADE methodology was used to assess the quality of evidence and decide the strength of the recommendations.
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La page du Manuel MSD Professionnel consacrée au paludisme présente une synthèse complète de cette maladie parasitaire grave causée par des protozoaires du genre Plasmodium, transmis par les piqûres de moustiques Anopheles. Elle décrit les différentes espèces responsables, les cycles de vie... du parasite, les signes cliniques typiques (comme la fièvre cyclique), les complications possibles, ainsi que les méthodes de diagnostic et les traitements antipaludiques disponibles. Le contenu s’adresse aux professionnels de santé et met l’accent sur la reconnaissance rapide, la prise en charge adaptée et la prévention du paludisme, notamment chez les voyageurs et les populations à risque.
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Chapitre 50. Le texte traite du paludisme grave, une forme sévère du paludisme principalement causée par Plasmodium falciparum. Il explique les circonstances dans lesquelles le diagnostic doit être évoqué, notamment en cas de fièvre au retour d'une zone tropicale. Le document décrit les exam...ens nécessaires, les signes cliniques et biologiques de gravité, et insiste sur l’urgence du traitement. Le traitement de référence est l’artésunate par voie intraveineuse, suivi d’une thérapie orale. Le texte aborde aussi les complications possibles, les critères d’hospitalisation et l’importance d’une prise en charge rapide et adaptée dans un service spécialisé.
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The document titled "Checklist for Assessing Management of Severe Malaria" is part of the MalariaCare Toolkit. It provides a structured tool for supervisors conducting outreach training and supportive supervision (OTSS) visits in healthcare facilities. The checklist is designed to evaluate and guide... the clinical management of severe malaria cases, including diagnostics, treatment planning, complication management, patient monitoring, and the administration of injectable artesunate. It also includes sections for direct observation of clinical procedures and supervisor feedback to help improve healthcare worker performance and adherence to national treatment guidelines.
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Human strongyloidiasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by infection with Strongyloides stercoralis, a soil-transmitted helminth that is estimated to infect 300–600 million people worldwide. This neglected tropical disease (NTD) is endemic globally, predominately in the South-East Asia, Afric...an and Western Pacific regions, and in South and Central America. Strongyloidiasis has a wide range of clinical presentations, including subclinical disease, symptomatic disease (often with diarrhoea, abdominal pain and urticaria) and a rare but deadly complication of hyperinfection with disseminated disease. The feared complication of disseminated strongyloidiasis can occur in the setting of immunocompromising conditions (e.g. human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection and malignancies) or immunosuppressive medications (e.g. steroids) and has an estimated case-fatality rate exceeding 60%. The standard treatment for chronic S. stercoralis infection is oral medication with ivermectin.
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En 2015, el 26% de los decesos de 5,9 millones de niños que murieron antes de cumplir los cinco años podría haberse prevenido
abordando los riesgos medioambientales; una impactante oportunidad perdida. El período prenatal y de la primera infancia
representa un escenario de particular vulnerabi...lidad, donde los peligros medioambientales pueden conducir al parto prematuro y otras complicaciones, y aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar una enfermedad de por vida, como enfermedades respiratorias, enfermedades cardiovasculares y cáncer. De este modo, el medio ambiente representa un factor importante en la salud infantil, así como una gran oportunidad de implementar mejoras, con efectos observados en cada región del mundo
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Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) constituyen un importante problema de salud pública en todo el mundo, que afecta a la calidad de vida y se acompaña de importantes niveles de morbilidad y mortalidad. Estas infecciones influyen directamente en la salud infantil y reproductiva porque tra...en consigo infertilidad, cánceres y complicaciones del embarazo. También tienen una influencia indirecta porque facilitan la transmisión por vía sexual del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), pesando así igualmente en la economía de los países y las personas. Cada día, más de un millón de personas contraen una infección de transmisión sexual. Se calcula que en 2012 hubo en el mundo 357 millones de nuevos casos de ITS curables (blenorragia, clamidiasis, sífilis o tricomoniasis) que afectaron a adultos de entre 15 y 49 años de edad, entre ellos 5,6 millones de casos de sífilis. El número de casos prevalentes de sífilis asciende, según las estimaciones, a unos 18 millones.
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Esta tercera versión resumida de la Guía para el cuidado de pacientes adultos críticos con COVID-19 en las Américas se elaboró con el objetivo de facilitar la consulta de las recomendaciones para el manejo de pacientes adultos críticos con COVID-19 atendidos en las unidades de cuidados intensi...vos. Ofrece recomendaciones basadas en evidencia para la identificación de marcadores y factores de riesgo de mortalidad de los pacientes críticos, el control de la infección, la recogida de muestras, la asistencia a los pacientes (ventilatoria y hemodinámica), el tratamiento farmacológico, la rehabilitación temprana, el uso de imágenes diagnósticas, la prevención de complicaciones y los criterios de egreso. Las recomendaciones están dirigidas a todo el personal de salud que atiende a pacientes en los servicios de urgencias y de emergencias y las unidades de cuidados intensivos. Asimismo, tienen por objetivo brindar apoyo a los responsables de la toma de decisiones y miembros de entidades gubernamentales relacionados con el manejo de pacientes con COVID-19 en las unidades de cuidados intensivos de la Región de las Américas
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Este folleto informativo acerca del coronavirus (COVID-19), está elaborado especialmente para ti que estás a cargo del cuidado de un niño o adolescente con alguna enfermedad oncológica o hematológica. 1 Al tener un sistema de defensas debilitado por el tratamiento y enfermedad, ellos se encuent...ran más expuestos a las complicaciones que trae este virus y comprendemos que como madre, padre o cuidador, puedes tener muchas preguntas al respecto y es importante que cuentes con información adecuada que te permita saber qué hacer y cómo acompañar al menor a cargo en esta especial situación.
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A century after its discovery, Chagas' disease still represents a major public health challenge in Latin America. Moreover, because of growing population movements, an increasing number of cases of imported Chagas' disease have now been detected in non-endemic areas, such as North America and some E...uropean countries. This parasitic zoonosis, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is transmitted to humans by infected Triatominae insects, or occasionally by non-vectorial mechanisms, such as blood transfusion, mother to fetus, or oral ingestion of materials contaminated with parasites. Following the acute phase of the infection, untreated individuals enter a chronic phase that is initially asymptomatic or clinically unapparent. Usually, a few decades later, 40-50% of patients develop progressive cardiomyopathy and/or motility disturbances of the oesophagus and colon. In the last decades several interventions targeting primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of Chagas' disease have been attempted. While control of both vectorial and blood transfusion transmission of T cruzi (primary prevention) has been successful in many regions of Latin America, early detection and aetiological treatment of asymptomatic subjects with Chagas' disease (secondary prevention) have been largely underutilised. At the same time, in patients with established chronic disease, several pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are currently available and have been increasingly used with the intention of preventing or delaying complications of the disease (tertiary prevention). In this review we discuss in detail each of these issues.
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Chapters
0:00 Introduction
0.27 Causes of Dengue Fever
1:09 Signs and Symptoms of Dengue Fever
2:30 Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
3:53 Diagnosis of Dengue Fever
4:10 Treatment of Dengue Fever
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Symptoms typically beg...in three to fourteen days after infection. This may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash.Recovery generally takes two to seven days. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage, or into dengue shock syndrome, where dangerously low blood pressure occurs.
Dengue is spread by several species of mosquito of the Aedes type, principally A. aegypti.The virus has five different types;infection with one type usually gives lifelong immunity to that type, but only short-term immunity to the others. Subsequent infection with a different type increases the risk of severe complications. A number of tests are available to confirm the diagnosis including detecting antibodies to the virus or its RNA.
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Guide for clinical case management and infection prevention and control during ameasles outbreak. This guide has been developed to reduce the high morbidity and mortality seen in some of the current outbreaks of measles. This short guide outlines practical clinical care interventions and is derived ...from previously published WHO documents.
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This guide also draws on the standard operating procedures (SOPs) to apply for measles outbreak response
support from the Measles & Rubella Initiative Outbreak Response Fund (17) and includes a section on
measles outbreak recovery so that contributing factors and potential root causes are identifi...ed and
addressed systematically after a measles outbreak. This guide does not aim to be a comprehensive guide
on measles elimination or routine immunization (RI) more broadly.
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Key facts
- An estimated 1.28 billion adults aged 30–79 years worldwide have hypertension, most (two-thirds) living in low- and middle-income countries
- An estimated 46% of adults with hypertension are unaware that they have the condition.
- Less than half of adults (42%) with hypertension are... diagnosed and treated.
- Approximately 1 in 5 adults (21%) with hypertension have it under control.
- Hypertension is a major cause of premature death worldwide.
- One of the global targets for noncommunicable diseases is to reduce the prevalence of hypertension by 33% between 2010 and 2030.
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Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by the Leishmania parasite. This parasite typically lives in infected sand flies. You can contract leishmaniasis from a bite of an infected sand fly.
The sand flies that carry the parasite typically reside in tropical and subtropical environments. Fatal... epidemics have occurred in areas of Asia, East Africa, and South America.
Affected regions are often remote and unstable, with limited resources for treating this disease. Doctors Without Borders calls leishmaniasis one of the most dangerous neglected tropical diseases. The organization also states this disease is second only to malaria in parasitic causes of death.
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The World Health Organization's fact sheet on hypertension provides a comprehensive overview of high blood pressure, highlighting its prevalence, risk factors, and health implications. It emphasizes that hypertension is a major cause of premature death worldwide, with an estimated 1.28 billion adult...s aged 30–79 years affected, two-thirds of whom live in low- and middle-income countries.
The document outlines modifiable risk factors, including unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, tobacco and alcohol use, and being overweight or obese. It also discusses non-modifiable risk factors such as family history, age over 65 years, and co-existing conditions like diabetes or kidney disease. The fact sheet underscores the importance of regular blood pressure monitoring, as hypertension often presents without symptoms, and highlights lifestyle changes and medications as effective treatments. Additionally, it mentions global targets aimed at reducing the prevalence of hypertension by 33% between 2010 and 2030.
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