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Mpox Testing Strategy - November 2024

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Mpox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus closely related to the variola virus that causes smallpox. Mpox was first discovered in 1958 when outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in monkeys kept for research. The first human case was recorde...d in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox and since then the infection has been reported in a number of African countries. Mpox can spread in humans through close contact, usually skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact, with an infected person or animal, as well as with materials contaminated with the virus such as clothing, beddings and towels, and respiratory droplets in prolonged face to face contact. People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed. The virus may spread from infected animals through handling infected meat or through bites or scratches. Diagnosis is confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of material from a lesion for the virus’s DNA. Two separate clades of the mpox virus are currently circulating in Africa: Clade I, which includes subclades Ia and Ib, and Clade II, comprising subclades IIa and IIb. Clade Ia and Clade Ib have been associated with ongoing human-to-human transmission and are presently responsible for outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), while Clade Ib is also contributing to outbreaks in Burundi and other countries. In 2022‒2023 mpox caused a global outbreak in over 110 countries, most of which had no previous history of the disease, primarily driven by human-to-human transmission of clade II through sexual contact. In just over a year, over 90,000 cases and 150 deaths were reported to the WHO. For the second time since 2022, mpox has been declared a global health emergency as the virus spreads rapidly across the African continent. On 13 Aug 2024, Africa CDC declared the ongoing mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS), marking the first such declaration by the agency since its inception in 2017.7 This declaration empowered the Africa CDC to lead and coordinate responses to the mpox outbreak across affected African countries. On August 14, 2024, the WHO declared the resurgence of mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) emphasizing the need for coordinated international response. As of August 2024, Mpox has expanded beyond its traditional endemic regions, with new cases reported in countries including Sweden, Thailand, the Philippines, and Pakistan. Sweden has confirmed its first case of Clade 1 variant, which has been rapidly spreading in Africa, particularly in DRC. The emergence of this new variant raises concerns about its potential for higher lethality and transmission rates outside Africa. more

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Protect the Progress: Rise, Refocus, Recover - 2020 Progress Report on the Every Woman Every Child Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health (2016–2030)

UNICEF, World Health Organisation (2020) C_WHO

Conflict, climate crisis and COVID-19 pose great threats to the health of women and children.

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Africa CDC Non Communicable Diseases, Injuries Prevention and Control and Mental Health Promotion Strategy
recommended

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2022) CC

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) & injuries and mental health conditions constitute a serious impediment to achieving the vision of Agenda 2063 to build an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa driven by its own citizens. Each year, these conditions cause millions of premature deaths and disab... more

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Anywhere But Syria: How 10 Years of Conflict Left Syria’s Displaced Children Without a Sense of Home

Kivelä, L. & Tajima-Simpson, M. Save the Children (2021) CC

After ten years of war, the vast majority of Syria’s children cannot imagine a future in their country, according to a new report by Save the Children. On average, 86% of Syrian refugee children surveyed in Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey and the Netherlands said they would not want to return to their cou... more

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Nigeria: Floods DREF operation n° MDRNG030 - Final Report

IFRC (2021) CC

Following flood levels of the hydrological stations monitored in Niamey (Niger Republic) and Malan Ville (Benin Republic) reaching the red alert zone, torrential rainfall and ensuing floods affected 91,254 people or 15,209 households in Jigawa, Kebbi, Kwara, Sokoto, and Zamfara state (amongst other ... more

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Implementation plan and monitoring and evaluation framework of the WHO European framework for action to achieve the highest attainable standard of health for persons with disabilities 2022–2030

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

This background document (‎EUR/RC72/BG/7)‎ was considered and adopted by the WHO Regional Committee for Europe at its 72nd session (‎Tel Aviv, Israel, 12–14 September 2022)‎, together with the working document (‎EUR/RC72/7)‎ and information document (‎EUR/RC72/INF./4)‎. The Regiona... more

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WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards

World Health Organization (1999)

Second editon

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Technical Brief: Integrating mental health and psychosocial support into education in emergencies using the Minimum Service Package

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2024) CC

The aim of the Technical Brief is to offer guidance to education professionals on how to integrate Mental Health and Psychosocial Support into Education in Emergencies programming. An overview of Mental Health and Psychosocial Support activities that can be implemented in Education in Emergencies co... more

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Cholera vaccines: WHO position paper August 2017

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

The WHO Cholera Vaccine Position Paper (August 2017) highlights the importance of oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) as a key tool in outbreak response and prevention, alongside water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) measures. It recommends OCVs for high-risk populations, endemic areas, and humanitarian cr... more

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From the Frontline of Community Action: A Compendium of Six Successful Community Based HIV Interventions That Have Worked for MSM- TG-Hijras in India

Shobhna S. Kumar,Pallav Patankar, Dr. Maninder Singh Setia UNDP India (2011) C1

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Global health sector strategies on, respectively, HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections for the period 2022-2030

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

Towards ending AIDS

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Rapid Assessement: Healthcare Waste Component of Global Fund HIV, TB and Malaria Projects in Zimbabwe

J.-G. Kühling UNDP (2014) C1

Supplement to the Healthcare Waste Management Toolkit for Global Fund Practitioners and Policy Makers

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Delivering Universal Health Coverage 2030 Health: A political choice

Ilona Kickbusch WHO (2019) CC

At least half of the world’s population does not have full coverage of essential health services. Health expenses push more than 100 million people into extreme poverty each and every year, forcing them into terrible choices that no one should ever have to make: Buy medicine or food? Education or ... more

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Consenso de recomendaciones para el manejo ambulatorio y tratamiento domiciliario de pacientes con COVID-19 ( Version 1)

Segvia, E. V. L. et al. Ministerio de Salud Pública de Ecuador (2020) CC

Consensual recommendations for outpatient management and home care and home treatment of patients with COVID-19

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The impact of climate change on mental health and emotional wellbeing: current evidence and implications for policy and practice

Lawrence, E.; R. Thompson, G. Fontana, et al. (2021) CC

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Orientaciones para la protección de la salud de las personas migrantes

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO, OPS (2021) C_WHO

Con esta publicación se procura orientar a las autoridades nacionales y subnacionales de salud, así como a las organizaciones nacionales e internacionales, para que incorporen la perspectiva de las personas migrantes (en tránsito, refugiadas, en situación irregular y en proceso de retorno a su p... more

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Patient safety assessment manual
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

3rd edition. Patient safety standards are critical for the establishment and assessment of patient safety programmes within hospitals. This third edition of the Patient safety assessment manual provides an updated set of standards and assessment criteria that reflect current best practice and WHO gu... more