The WHO continuously reviews available data on SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. For this version, the global epidemiological
situation of the COVID-19 pandemic as of 21 January 2022 – at a time when the Omicron VOC had been identified in 171
countries across all six WHO Regions and was rapidly re...placing Delta worldwide – was considered Omicron has a substantial growth advantage, higher secondary attack rates and a higher observed reproduction number than Delta.
There is now significant evidence that immune evasion contributes to the rapid spread of Omicron. Other factors may be a shorter
serial interval (by about 0.8 to 1.2 days compared to Delta) and potential increased intrinsic transmission fitness . There is
growing evidence that with Omicron, there is lower vaccine effectiveness (VE) against infection and symptomatic disease soon after vaccination compared to Delta. There is also evidence of accelerated waning of VE over time of the primary series against infection and symptomatic disease for the studied vaccines. Further studies are required to better understand the drivers of transmission and declining incidence in various settings. These factors include the intrinsic transmission fitness properties of the virus, degree of immune evasion, vaccination coverage and level of vaccine-derived and post-infection immunity, levels of social mixing and degree of application of public health and social measures (PHSM).
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Up-to-date Literature review current through: Jan 2015. | This topic last updated: Jan 29, 2015.
This research report provides results from the study on living conditions among people with disabilities in Zambia. Comparisons are made between individuals with and without disabilities and also between households with and without a disabled family member. Results obtained in Zambia are also compar...ed to those obtained in earlier studies carried out in Namibia, Zimbabwe and Malawi. The Zambian study was undertaken in 2005-2006.
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This research report provides results from the study on living conditions
among people with disabilities in Malawi. Comparisons are made between
individuals with and without disabilities and also between households with and without a disabled family member. Results obtained in Malawi are also comp...ared those obtained in earlier studies carried out in Namibia and Zimbabwe. The Malawian study was undertaken in 2003.
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Second Edition
AIDS Medicines and diagnostics services
July 2015
CIPH Curriculum for Best Practices. Putting Principles to Work
Table of contents
1: Introdução; 2: Considerações para atendimento em situação de pico de demanda em serviços de saúde e alocação de equipes médicas de emergência; 3: Equipes médicas de emergência; 4: Níveis de resposta em situação de pico de demanda por cuidados médicos; 5: Expan...são da capacidade em sistemas de emergência médica pré-hospitalares; 6: Identificação de locais alternativos de assistência; 7: Referências.
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Exciting new treatment approaches make the management of hepatitic C one of the most rapidly developing areas of medicine. The Flying Publisher short Guide to Hepatitis C is an up-to-date source of information for physicians, residents and advanced medical students.
The goal of this Global Action Plan is to articulate synergistic actions that will be required to prevent HIVDR from undermining efforts to achieve global targets on health and HIV, and to provide the most effective treatment to all people living with HIV including adults, key populations, pregnant ...and breastfeeding women, children and adolescents. The Global Action Plan has five strategic objectives: 1) prevention and response; 2) monitoring and surveillance; 3) research and innovation; 4) laboratory capacity; and 5) governance and enabling mechanisms.
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"Patient decontamination principles are set forth here from a strategic perspective, rather than a tactical
one. The principles are meant to guide, but not specify, operational practices. The guidance is evidencebased
to the extent possible and the supporting evidence is documented and briefly dis...cussed."
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mBio, Vol. 6 Issue 2, March/April 2015
Available evidence demonstrates that direct patient contact and contact with infectious body fluids are the primary modes for Ebola virus transmission, but this is based on a limited number of studies. In this review, the authors address what we know and what ...we do not know about Ebola virus transmission. They also hypothesize that Ebola viruses have the potential to be respiratory pathogens with primary respiratory spread.
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The Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Assessment Framework (IPCAF) is a tool to support the implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines on core components of IPC programmes at the acute health care facility level. The user should be familiar with the contents of these guide...lines, including the Interim practical manual supporting the implementation of the IPC core components at the facility level before using this tool. The IPCAF is a systematic tool that can provide a baseline assessment of the IPC programme and activities within a health care facility, as well as ongoing evaluations through repeated administration to document progress over time and facilitate improvement.
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Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci. 2012 May-Aug; 2(2): 82–97.
doi: 10.4103/2229-5151.97273
PMCID: PMC3401822
PMID: 22837896
WHO published the first COVID-19 Strategic Response and Preparedness Plan (SPRP) on 3 February, 2020. This report highlights the main points of progress that were made up to 30 June 2020 under the three objectives outlined in the SPRP: scaling up international coordination and support; scaling up co...untry preparedness and response by pillar; and accelerating research and innovation. The report also discusses some of the key challenges faced so far, and provides an update on the resource requirements for the next phase of WHO’s response as part of an unprecedented whole-of-UN approach to the pandemic.
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Las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico (ISQ) constituyen una de las Infecciones Asociadas al Cuidado de la Salud (IACS) más frecuentes que ponen en riesgo a los pacientes llevando muchas veces al fracaso del procedimiento quirúrgico. Con una incidencia mucho mayor en países de medianos y bajos ing...resos, representa un desafío de la práctica médica cotidiana que compromete la salud y la seguridad de los pacientes. La indicación de profilaxis primaria con antibióticos en relación a los procedimientos invasivos, tiene como objetivo disminuir la incidencia de infecciones con la consecuente disminución de la morbimortalidad debiendo utilizarse únicamente en aquellos procedimientos en los que hay evidencia de efectividad. Cabe destacar que la indicación inadecuada, tiene potenciales efectos adversos tales como infecciones por Clostridium difficile, emergencia de resistencia
bacteriana, reacciones adversas a drogas e incremento de los costos en salud.
La profilaxis antibiótica como complemento de una buena técnica quirúrgica, es una medida costo efectiva de prevención de las ISQ representando alrededor del 30% de la indicación de antibióticos entre los pacientes hospitalizados. Dado que en algunos estudios el uso inapropiado de antibióticos se ve reflejado en el 40 al
80% de las indicaciones médicas, desde la Comisión de Infecciones Asociadas al Cuidado de la Salud y Seguridad del Paciente de SADI hemos realizado una actualización de la evidencia disponible. Este documento es una acción complementaria al consenso “Prevención de Infección del Sitio Quirúrgico” realizado entre SADI y el Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “J. Jara” durante el Congreso de SADI 2015.
La posibilidad de contar con una guía actualizada de profilaxis quirúrgica adaptada a nuestro medio, constituye una herramienta de uso cotidiano por parte de los profesionales del equipo quirúrgico que permite la optimización de la utilización de fármacos restringiendo así la emergencia y diseminación de la resistencia bacteriana. Sin duda esperamos que pueda ser de utilidad para el equipo de salud.
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