the aid library

Universal health coverage in Indonesia: concept, progress, and challenges.

Agustina R., Dartanto T., Sitompul R., et al. (2018) C2

Lancet. 2018 Dec 19. pii: S0140-6736(18)31647-7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31647-7. [Epub ahead of print]

The bumpy road to better health: how embedded research strengthened health services in Ghana

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

This is the story of how an experiment in the north of Ghana changed the health of a nation. How health staff in remote and rural areas are working tirelessly to prevent the deaths of mothers and ch ... more

Strengthening human resources for health through multisectoral approaches and leadership: the case of Cameroon

Kingue S., Rosskam E., Bela AC., Adjidja A., Codjia L. World Health Organization (2013) C_WHO

Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control Situation in a Primary Health Care Setting of Bangladesh: Design and Baseline Findings of an Intervention

Zaman MM; Ullah AKMJ ; Bhuiyan MR , et al. (2016) CC

Chronic Dis Int - Volume 3 Issue 1 - 2016 ISSN 2379-7983

Uganda Health Sector Strategic Plan III 2010 - 2014/15

Federal Ministry of Health, Uganda (2010) C1

Primary Health Care Revitalization in Nepal

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2010) C_WHO

Workshop on PHC Revitalisation in Nepal, April 5-6, 2010

Kenya Mental Health Policy 2015-2030

Ministry of Health, Kenya (2017) C1

Towards Attaining the Highest Standard of Mental Health

Community health worker programmes after the 2013–2016 Ebola outbreak - Bulletin

Henry B. Perry, Ranu S. Dhillon, Anne Liu, et al. (2016) C_WHO

Universal Health Coverage Health Advocacy Guide

UHC2030 (2018) C1

A guide to promote health systems strengthening to achieve universal health coverage.

Liberia Community Health Road Map July 1, 2014 – June 30, 2017

Ministry of Health & Social Welfare, Liberia (2014)

Liberia: Basic Package for Mental Health Care Service

Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Liberia (2010) C1

Towards universal health coverage in the WHO African Region: tracking financial protection

World Health Organization (WHO) (2024) CC

The role of evidence in the journey towards universal health coverage is paramount. Financial risk protection monitoring, the major focus of this report, informs where the WHO African Region stands in reducing the financial hardship people face due ... more

Addressing global health challenges requires harmonised and innovative approaches to the development assistance for health

Shi J., Jin Y., Zheng Z. BMJ Global Health (2023) CC

Overall, harmonisation and innovation should be the focus of the future direction of DAH and the creation of a healthy global community. The world needs all hands on deck if it were to move towards achieving the SDGs, addressing global health in ... more

Financing Global Health 2023: The Future of Health Financing in the Post-Pandemic Era

Apeagyei A.E., Dieleman J.L., Leach-Kemon K., et al. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) (2024) CC

IHME’s Financing Global Health report provides an overview of health spending around the world, with a special focus on investments in health in ... more

Profile: Namibia Mental Health Atlas 2020

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

Mental Health Atlas 2020 Member State Profile Nambia Data Analytics

Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure o ... n Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

The nature and contribution of innovative health financing mechanisms in the World Health Organization African region: A scoping review

Nabyonga-Orem J., Christmals C.D., Addai K.F. et al. Journal of Global Health (2023) CC

Achieving financial risk protection for the whole population requires significant financing for health. Health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are plagued with persistent underfun ... more

Global Health Financing in Turbulent Times: A Detailed Analysis of The Global Fund's Resource Mobilization and Recovery Efforts

Kiai G.N. Aidspan (2024) CC

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the Global Fund's strategic initiatives in resource mobilization and recovery amid global economic fluctuations and geopolitical challenges. It highlights the Fund's successful conversion of pledges and innovative financing models that ensure sustainable ... more

Conditioned Domestic “Co-financing” Policies in Global Health

Sparkes S., Yungrattanachai M., Fan V., et al. Center for Global Development (2024) CC

Conditioned domestic financing policy, referring to the domestic financing of health projects, programs, and national responses conditioned by global health funding agencies and recipient country go ... more