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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a ... t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

Linges directrices unifiées sur l'utilisation des Antirétroviraux pour le traitement et la prévention de l'infection à VIH

Organisation mondiale de la Santé (2013) C_WHO

Recommandations pour une Approche de Santé publique. Juin 2013.

Recommandations pour les stratégies de dépistage et les capacités de diagnostic du SARS-CoV-2 à l’échelle nationale
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

orientations provisoires, 25 juin 2021. Des tests de diagnostic rapides et précis sont un outil essentiel pour prévenir et contrôler la propagation du COVID-19. Ce document décrit les recommandations relatives aux stratégies nationales de dépistage et ... more

Technique automatisée d’amplification de l’acide nucléique en temps réel pour la détection rapide et simultanée de la tuberculose et de la résistance à la rifampicine : Système Xpert MTB/RIF

Organisation mondiale de la Santé (2011) C_WHO

Developing intervention strategies to improve community health worker motivation and performance

Frank, Ti.; Kallander, K. Malaria Consortium (2012) C1

This learning paper describes Malaria Consortium’s experience with Integrated Community Case Management (ICCM) in malaria prevention and treatment in Mozambique and Uganda. ICCM is an approach where community-based health workers are trained to identify, treat, and refer complex cases malaria (an ... more

Action on the Social Determinants of Health: learning from previous experiences.

Irwin A, Scali E World Health Organization (2010) C_WHO

Social Determinants of Health Discussion Paper 1 (Debates). This paper was prepared for the launch of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) by its secretariat based at WHO in Geneva. It was discussed by the Commissioners and then revised considering their input.

The POPI act vs Medical Records

Prof Frank Peters Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria South Africa (2020) CC

The Protection of Personal Information (POPI) Act Confidentiality: providing and protecting information • Health care practitioners hold information about patients that is private and sensitive. • The National Health Act (Act No. 61 of 2003) provides that this information must not be given to ... more

Where women have no doctor

A. August Burns, Ronnie Lovich, Jane Maxwell, Katharine Shapiro Hesperian Health Guides (2020) CC

An essential resource that helps a community understand, treat, and prevent many health problems that affect women. Topics include reproductive health, violence, mental health, HIV, and more.

Guía Nacional para el Manejo de la Enfermedad por el Virus de la Chikungunya

Campero A. Ministerio de Salud Bolivia (2015) C2

Guía Nacional para el Manejo de la Enfermedad por el Virus de la Chikungunya

Double Trouble: Injection Drug Use and Sexual Behaviour

Bhattacharya A, et al. India HIVAIDS Alliance; Hridaya Harm Reduction in India (2015) C1

Findings from a cross-sectional qualitative study of HIV vulnerabilities among People Who Inject Drugs and their sex partners in Bihar and Manipur, India. The study is one of the first qualitative comparative studies to seek an in-depth understandin ... more

The rise and fall of tuberculosis in Malawi: associations with HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy

H.Kanyerere, A.D. Harries, K. Tayler-Smith, et al. (2016) CC

Tropical Medicine and International Health volume 21 no 1 pp 101-107 january 2016

Orientações do ministério da saúde paramanuseio medicamentoso precoce de pacientes com diagnóstico da covid-19

Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde Brasil (2020) C1

ESTA NOTA INFORMATIVA SUBSTITUI A NOTA INFORMATIVA Nº 11/2020-SE/GAB/SE/MS, DE 15 DE JUNHO DE 2020, QUE SUBSTITUIU A NOTA INFORMATIVANº 9/2020-SE/GAB/SE/MS, DE 20 DE MAIO DE 2020

Cholera: Clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

LaRocque, R.; S.B. Calderwood and A.Bloom UpToDate (2020) C1

The document provides a detailed overview of cholera, including its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It explains the causes of cholera, its symptoms such as severe diarrhea and dehydration, and the importance of rehydration t ... more

Self-Reliance Index, Version 2.0: Indicators to measure progress towards self-reliance

Buscher D., Slaughter A. Refuge Point, WRC (2020) CC

With 71 million people forcibly displaced around the world and aid budgets woefully underfunded, how do humanitarian agencies decide whom to help and for how long?

Pedoman Tatalaksana Pencegahan Penyakit Kardiovaskular pada Perempuan

Lukito, A.A., A.U. Rahajoe, L.I. Rilantono, et al., Indonesian Heart Association (2015) C1

Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women in Indonesia