54th directing council; 67th session of the regional Committee of WHO for the Americas
CD54/11, Rev. 1, 2 October 2015, Original: Spanish
Male Circumcision as an HIV Prevention Method
Accessed: 02.03.2020
The document, "Progress on the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases," reports on global efforts to reduce the impact of NCDs, such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases, following the commitments made at high-level United Nations meetings. It highlights ...the inadequate progress in meeting the targets set under the Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 to reduce premature NCD mortality by one-third by 2030. Key challenges include insufficient funding, limited implementation of effective interventions, and political and economic barriers, especially in low-income countries. The report calls for strengthened international cooperation, policy reform, and innovative approaches to meet global health targets.
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School health programmes have been demonstrated to be the most cost-effective way to influence health behaviours in young people. The purpose of this two-part handbook is to support schools as they seek to implement interventions aimed at reducing the main modifiable risk behaviours f...or noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) . The background provided in this Introduction handbook and the approaches and advice outlined in the Practical application handbook focuses on providing young people with the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and life skills necessary for making informed decisions, and creating a healthy school environment that can reduce the risk of NCDs
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La publicación describe los procedimientos estandarizados para la atención integral de las personas diagnosticadas con tuberculosis y Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana en los servicios de salud a nivel nacional, así como los procesos de atención integral en las personas diagnosticadas con tuberc...ulosis y virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH), que incluyen acciones de prevención, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento.
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Despite progress in improving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people with HIV in Malawi, the burden of HIV infections and HIV treatment outcomes among key populations is suboptimal. Client-centered differentiated service delivery approaches may facilitate addressing HIV prevention and treatment nee...ds of key populations in Malawi.
Methods
De-identified program data routinely collected as part of the LINKAGES project–Malawi were assembled from October 2017 to September 2019. HIV case finding was compared across different testing modalities for each population. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between testing modalities and ART initiation.
Results
Of the 18 397 people included in analyses, 10 627 (58%) were female sex workers (FSWs), 2219 (12%) were men who have sex with men (MSM), and 4970 (27%) were clients of FSWs. HIV case finding varied by modality and population, with index testing and enhanced peer outreach demonstrating high yield despite reaching relatively few individuals. FSWs who tested positive through risk network referral testing were more likely to initiate ART within 30 days compared with those who tested positive through clinic-based testing (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.50; 95% CI, 1.23–1.82). For MSM, index testing (aRR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.06–2.00) and testing through a drop-in center (aRR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.19–2.78) were associated with 30-day ART initiation.
Conclusions
These data suggest that differentiated HIV testing and outreach approaches tailored to the needs of different key populations may facilitate improved ART initiation in Malawi. Achieving 0 new infections by 2030 suggests the need to adapt treatment strategies given individual and structural barriers to treatment for key populations with HIV in high-prevalence settings.
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The Global Prevalence of Male Circumcision
Accessed: 02.03.2020
La estrategia nacional de participación comunitaria tiene como objetivo promover la participación activa de las organizaciones sociales y comunitarias en la prevención y control de la tuberculosis.
Pretende incorporar a las organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG), a fin de que atiendan a los gru...pos vulnerables, movilizar a la comunidad e implementar estrategias de Información, Educación y Comunicación, con el propósito de superar la brecha de detección y tratamiento oportuno de personas con tuberculosis, tuberculosis y Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana y otras comorbilidades.
Considera también el involucramiento de las municipalidades, a través de sus concejos municipales, así como el fundamentar acciones integrales con la participación activa de la sociedad civil a través de las Comisiones Municipales de Protección Civil, asegurando que esta se responsabilice y cuente con los recursos necesarios para el trabajo con poblaciones específicas.
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We reviewed the evidence on community-based interventions for the prevention and control of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Community initiatives tailored towards awareness and mobilisation are regarded as a priority area in the Neglected Tropical Disease Roadmap 2021–2030 by the World Health Organi...zation. We searched nine electronic databases for intervention-based
studies. Two independent reviewers screened and assessed the articles for methodological quality using predefined criteria. We conducted a meta-analysis using a random effects model, along with narrative synthesis. Thirteen articles were eligible for inclusion, of which 12 were quantitative studies (quasi-experimental with control group and pre-post interventions) and one qualitative
study. All articles reported on health education interventions aimed at changing people’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in relation to CL. Participant groups included students, mothers, housewives, volunteer health workers, and residents in general. An increased score was recorded for all outcomes across all interventions: knowledge (SMD: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.47), attitudes (SMD:
1.36, 95% CI: 0.56, 2.15), and practices (SMD: 1.73, 95% CI: 0.99, 2.47). Whilst our findings show that educational interventions improved people’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices about CL, we argue that this approach is not sufficient for the prevention and control of this disease. Knowledge does not always translate into action, particularly where other structural barriers exist. Therefore,
we recommend the design of more innovative community-based interventions with a broader focus (e.g., stigma, financial barriers, and healthcare access).
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Objetivos:
• Brindar lineamientos conceptualessobre la Fasciolosis e Hidatidosis.
• Conocer el ciclo de transmisión de la Fasciolosis e Hidatidosis.
• Describir la epidemiología y vía de transmisión de la fasciolosis e hidatidosis.
• Conocer y aplicar las medidas de prevención y... control de la fasciolosis e hidatidosis.
• Aplicar los Protocolos de Atención de la fasciolosis e hidatidosis.
• Capacitar a la población sobre los mecanismos de prevención
de la Fasciolosis e Hidatidosis.
• Facilitar la coordinación interinstitucional con enfoque integral y multisectorial que aseguren el cumplimiento de las actividades programadas.
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WHO Progress Brief
Progress Brief
July 2017
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat that requires urgent
collaborative action within and among countries. As a result of the worldwide reports of the increasing rates of AMR to hospital and community-acquired infections and in the agricultural sector, the Global Action Plan on AMR was... adopted in 2015. T
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This guide provides standards and directions on how to carry out rapid needs assessment for Psychosocial Support (PSS) and Violence Prevention (VP) initiatives including child protection and sexual and gender-based violence. In particular, this rapid assessment tool is designed to help gather data i...n an efficient and effective way to help inform integration of PSS and VP issues, as minimum standards, into the broader disaster management action plans in response to an emergency.
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La protection des enfants et des établissements d’enseignement s’avère particulièrement importante. Il est nécessaire de prendre des précautions pour éviter la propagation éventuelle de la COVID-19 en milieu scolaire. Cependant, il faut également veiller à ne pas stigmatiser les élève...s et le personnel susceptibles d’avoir été exposés au virus. N’oublions pas que la maladie à coronavirus n’opère aucune distinction fondée sur la nationalité, l’ethnie, le handicap, l’âge ou le genre. Les établissements scolaires doivent rester accueillants, respectueux, inclusifs et solidaires envers tous. Les mesures adoptées par les écoles peuvent prévenir l’introduction et la propagation de la COVID-19 par les élèves et le personnel qui auraient été exposés au virus tout en réduisant au minimum les perturbations et en évitant la stigmatisation des personnes concernées.
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