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Non-communicable diseases, injuries, and mental ill-health in Africa: the role of the Africa CDC

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2022) C_CDC

The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) was established in 2017, after the west Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak. Upon creation, the role of Africa CDC was to mandate strengthening of the capacity of public health inst ... more

Humanitarian Action for Children: Rwanda

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2020) C_UNICEF

Rwanda first confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in March 2020. Although the number of cases has been low, health system resources are being redirected to respond and an increasing number of children are affected by the socio-economic impacts of the pandemic, including disruptions ... more

Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ... is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

How to prepare for the next inevitable Ebola outbreak: lessons from West Africa

Kyobe Bosa H.; Kamara N.; Aragaw M. et al. Comment (2024) C_CDC

The West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in 2014 emerged in a region in Africa that had previously not reported any EVD outbreak. Subsequently, the outbreak rapidly spread and was protracted in the three Mano River basin countries (Guinea ... more

Gestion des dépouilles mortelles lors de catastrophes : manuel pratique à l’usage des premiers intervenants. 2ième éd., rév.

Cordner, S.; Coninx, R.; Kim, J.-J. et al. (Éd.) Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS), Organisation panaméricaine de la santé, Fédération internationale des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge (2016) C_WHO

La deuxième édition de ce manuel fournit des directives simples, concrètes et faciles à suivre pour la récupération et le stockage des corps des personnes décédées lors de catastrophes et l’enregistrement des informations les concernant, l’objectif étant d’aider les premiers interven ... more

Ebola Virus Disease Readiness Implementation Progress Report WCO Uganda August –October 2018

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Africa (2019) C_WHO

Risk of spill-over of EVD to Uganda has been categorised as very high. On 28 September 2018, WHO elevated the risk at the regional level which includes Uganda from ‘high’ to ‘very high’. Uganda has a very long and largely porous border with the DRC. High population movements across the borde ... more

Plan de contigence Ebola Sénégal

Ministère de la santé et de l'action sociale (2014)

ACFIN Security Kit 2013

Evaluation of Infection Prevention and Control Readiness at Frontline Health Care Facilities in High-Risk Districts Bordering Ebola Virus Disease–Affected Areas in the DRCongo-Uganda 2018

Biedron, C.; M.Lyman, M.J. Stucke, et al. CDC (2019) C_CDC

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) October 4, 2019 / 68(39);851–854

Persistent virus in people recovering from Ebola virus disease

World Health Organization (WHO) (2016) C_WHO

Flow Monitoring: EVD Preparedness

International Organization for Migration IOM (2019) C1

Ebola Response Key Technical Documents

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

Frequently asked questions on Ebola virus disease. Updated 14 July 2015

World Health Organization (2015)

Ebola crisis response: Côte d’ivoire - external situation report August 2015

International Organization for Migration (2015)

Fighting Ebola with Information

Fast, Larissa and Adele Waugaman USAID (2016) CC

Learning from the Use of Data, Information, and Digital Technologies in the West Africa Ebola Outbreak Response

Interim list of WHO essential medicines necessary to treat Ebola cases based on existing guidelines Version 17 November 2014

World Health Organization (2014) C_WHO

Proposed Communication Plan for Ebola Prevention & Control

Ebola Communication Network (2014)

Ebola or Marburg case investigation and recording sheet (June 2020)

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

Ebola Outbreak: Updated Overview of Needs and Requirements for January-June 2015

World Health Organization, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response (2015)

Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak Response Plan in West Africa July to December 2014

World Health Organization; Governments of Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone (2014)

WHO Strategic Action Plan for Ebola Outbreak Response

World Health Organization (2014)

Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak Response Plan in West Africa July to December 2014. Annex 1