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Young people as advocates - Your action for change toolkit

IPPF (International Planned Parenthood Federation) (2011) C2

From choice, a world of possibilities Want to change the world? Here's how... "i asked: 'Why doesn't somebody do something?' Then I realized I was somebody"

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Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey

National Bureau of Statistics inistry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW), Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre (TFNC), et al. (2011) C1

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Tuberculosis Results Profile Ethiopia 2019

The Global Fund (2019) CC

Tuberculosis cases, TB deaths

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Impact of the West African Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak on Food security

European Commission Joint Research Centre (2014)

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Ebola Interim Assessment Panel. Report by the Secretariat

World Health Organization (2015)

The document contains preliminary report on all aspects of WHO’s response in the Ebola outbreak. WHO Member States will discuss the report at the sixty-eighth World Health Assembly.

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The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2017

G. Sander Harm Reduction International; European Union (2018) C2

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Plan Stratégique Campagne Zéro Ébola en 60 Jours en Guinée

CELLULE DE COORDINATION NATIONALE DE LUTTE CONTRE EBOLA, Guinée (2014)

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Resources for Results III - UN Office of the Special Envoy on Ebola (25th February 2015)

United Nations (2015)

The third report in the series Resources for Results published by the UN Office of the Special Envoy on Ebola provides an overview of resources announced and disbursed to countries and agencies as of 31 January 2015. This report is a next step towards more transparency allowing all, especially the g... more

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Malaria elimination programme review india 2022

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The document “Malaria Elimination Programme Review, India 2022”, published by the WHO Country Office for India, provides an in-depth assessment of India’s progress toward malaria elimination. It evaluates the structure, implementation, and effectiveness of national and subnational malaria prog... more

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Regional Action Plan 2017-2030 towards Malaria-free South-East Asia Region

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2017) C_WHO

The "Regional Action Plan 2017–2030: Towards a Malaria-Free South-East Asia Region" by the World Health Organization (WHO) outlines a strategic framework to eliminate malaria in the 11 countries of the WHO South-East Asia Region by 2030. It focuses on reducing transmission, particularly of Plasmod... more

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National consolidated Guidelines for comprehensive HIV prevention, care and treatment

World Health Organization (Africa) (2018) C_WHO

“Continuum of HIV services refers to a comprehensive package of HIV prevention, diagnostic, treatment, care and support services provided for people at risk of HIV infection or living with HIV and their families” August, 2018

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Building Tax Capacity in Developing Countries

Benitez J.C., Mansour M., Pecho M., et al. International Monetary Fund (IMF) (2023) CC

Tax capacity—the policy, institutional, and technical capabilities to collect tax revenue—is part of a deeper process of state building that is essential for achieving the sustainable development goals. This Staff Discussion Note shows that developing countries have made some progress in revenue... more

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Towards Mapping the Fiscal Space: Health Sector Financing Strategy in Mozambique

N’weti, Wemos (2024) CC

This paper was commissioned by N´weti and Wemos as part of the project “Equitable health financing for a strong health system in Mozambique”. Its purpose is to contribute to the debate of the Mozambican Ministry of Health’s draft Health Sector Financing Strategy (HSFS) 2025 – 2034

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WHO African Region Health Expenditure Atlas 2023

WHO African Region (2024) CC

Over the past decade, countries in the African region experienced slow progress in mobilizing resources for health while facing continued challenges. In their revised estimates published in 2017, Stenberg et al., developed two costs scenarios, termed progress and ambitious, aimed at strengthening co... more

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Mapping the Literature on Development Assistance in Health: A Bibliometric Analysis

Karwa O., Jain R., Deo S. Observer Research Foundation (2024) CC

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of the literature on private health aid and official health assistance between 2000 and 2022. It provides an overview of the sites and themes in the literature pertaining to development assistance in health, and collates the significant policy recommendati... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Evolution and effectiveness of bilateral and multilateral development assistance for health: a mixed-methods review of trends and strategic shifts (1990–2022)

Xie S., Du S., Huang Y., et al. BMJ Global Health (2025) CC

Development assistance for health (DAH) plays a vital role in supporting health programmes in lowand middle-income countries. While DAH has historically focused on infectious diseases and maternal and child health, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of DAH trends, strategic shifts and the... more

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Health for All – transforming economies to deliver what matters: Final report of the WHO Council on the Economics of Health for All

World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) CC

The Council was established in late 2020 by Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (Director-General, WHO) to provide new economic thinking – reassessing how health and wellbeing are valued, produced and distributed across the economy. An all-female group of 10 distinguished economists and area experts, t... more

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Health Taxes: A Compelling Policy for the Crises of Today

The Task Force on Fiscal Policy for Health Report 2024 Bloomberg (2024) CC

For this report, the Task Force commissioned additional background papers on health taxes to update the evidence, assess short-term revenue potential, and understand the role of health taxes in the current era of multiple crises. We find that health taxes continue to be underutilized despite th... more

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Why Is There So Little Contractually Contingent Financing?

Dissanayake R. Center for Global Development (2024) CC

Most foreign aid comes in one of two forms: either we pay a person or an institution today in exchange for delivering some beneficial activity in the future, or we observe something bad happen to them and then give them support to recover from it. This kind of aid is simple to design and deliver, b... more