Brindar recomendaciones sobre la atención inicial de personas con enfermedad respiratoria aguda (ERA) en el contexto de la infección por coronavirus (COVID-19) en establecimientos de salud basado en flujograma de toma de decisiones. Estas recomendaciones son preliminares y están sujetas a revisi...n a medida que se tengan nuevas evidencias.* Las recomendaciones proporcionadas en este documento se aplican a adultos mayores de 18 años. Audiencias específicas, como los bebés, los niños y las mujeres embarazadas, se abordarán en un documento separado.
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The document “Malaria Elimination Programme Review, India 2022”, published by the WHO Country Office for India, provides an in-depth assessment of India’s progress toward malaria elimination. It evaluates the structure, implementation, and effectiveness of national and subnational malaria prog...rams, focusing on surveillance, diagnosis, treatment, vector control, and community engagement. The review identifies strengths, challenges, and areas for improvement, offering evidence-based recommendations to accelerate India's efforts to eliminate malaria by 2030.
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Pour atteindre les objectifs de sa stratégie et se
rapprocher de la cible de l’ODD 3 liée aux trois
maladies à l’horizon 2030, le Fonds mondial doit
réunir 18 milliards de dollars US pour sa huitième
reconstitution des ressources. Cette somme est
le minimum requis pour faire progresser... la lutte
contre le VIH, la tuberculose et le paludisme à
un rythme correspondant aux objectifs et pour
maintenir les investissements nécessaires dans les
systèmes de santé et communautaires.
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With the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing energy and cost-of-living crises, many OECD countries have had to face significant economic and societal challenges over the last five years. The succession of crises has had important implications for health systems and the available resources allocated to... health. This policy brief examines the recent trends in health spending and discusses what is driving the latest spending trajectory.
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The role of evidence in the journey towards universal health coverage is paramount. Financial risk protection monitoring, the major focus of this report, informs where the WHO African Region stands in reducing the financial hardship people face due to health expenses. This report details the status ...of financial risk protection and related trends, the drivers of out-of-pocket (OOP) payments and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on financial risk protection. As such, it provides evidence coutries can draw on to develop health financing systems and reforms that mitigate financial barriers to accessing health services. Through analysis of country data, cross-country learning and drawing on the published literature, this report proposes recommendations that countries may adapt to their contexts.
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This paper was commissioned by N´weti and Wemos as part
of the project “Equitable health financing for a strong health
system in Mozambique”. Its purpose is to contribute to the
debate of the Mozambican Ministry of Health’s draft Health
Sector Financing Strategy (HSFS) 2025 – 2034
We investigate whether and to what extent Chinese development finance affects infant mortality, combining 92 demographic and health surveys (DHS) for a maximum of 53 countries and almost 55,000 sub-national locations over the 2002-2014 period. We address causality by instrumenting aid with a set of ...interacted variables. Variation over
time results from indicators that measure the availability of funding in a given year. Cross-sectional variation results from a sub-national region’s “probability to receive aid.” Controlled for this probability in tandem with fixed effects for country-years and provinces, the interactions of these variables form powerful and excludable instruments. Our results show that Chinese aid increases infant mortality at sub-national scales, but decreases mortality at the countrylevel. In several tests, we show that this stark contrast likely results from aid being fungible within recipient countries.
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Insufficient funding is hindering the achievement of malaria elimination targets in Africa, despite the pressing need for increased investment in malaria control. While Western donors attribute their inaction to financial constraints, the global health community has limited knowledge of China’s ex...panding role in malaria prevention. This knowledge gap arises from the fact that China does not consistently report its foreign development assistance activities to established aid transparency initiatives. Our work focuses on identifying Chinese-funded malaria control projects throughout Africa and linking them to official data on malaria prevalence. By doing so, we aim to shed light on China’s contributions to malaria control efforts, analysing their investments and assessing their impact. This would provide valuable insights into the development of effective financing mechanisms for future malaria control in Africa.
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IHME’s Financing Global Health report provides an overview of health spending around the world, with a special focus on investments in health in low- and middle-income countries. The report examines how this funding for health is changing each year and forecasts how it may change in the future. Fi...nancing Global Health examines where money for health originates and what health issues it funds.
This year, Financing Global Health 2023 looks at how interest payments on loans that many countries took out during the COVID-19 pandemic to keep their economies afloat and their people protected are now straining health budgets. It also details how development partners’ investments in health in low- and middle-income countries – development assistance for health – have changed since reaching historic levels during the COVID-19 pandemic, dropping by $19.4 billion between 2021 and 2023, from $84.0 billion to $64.6 billion.
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Achieving financial risk protection for the whole population requires significant financing for health. Health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are plagued with persistent underfunding, and recent reductions in official development assistance have been registered. To create fiscal
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space for health, the pursuit of efficiency gains and exploring innovative health financing for health seem attractive. This paper sought to synthesize available evidence on the nature of innovative health financing instruments, mechanisms and policies implemented in Africa. We further reviewed the factors that hinder or facilitate implementation, the lessons learnt on the structure, the development process and the implementation.
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There is growing pressure on PEPFAR, the U.S. global HIV program, to increase its planning for sustainability, including through domestic resource mobilization and, ultimately, transitioning financing at
least in part to recipient countries. While this is connected to a broader push in global healt...h and development, driven by a constrained financing environment and desire to promote more countryownership of programs and services, there are specific questions facing PEPFAR’s future. A National Academy report from 2017, for example, recommended that PEPFAR look toward phasing down its spending and supporting countries in their transition from bilateral aid to domestic financing for HIV. At a
Senate hearing last year, PEPFAR was asked how it was working to increase domestic resources and under what conditions would it need less resources to accomplish its goals. Recent challenges in securing a five-year reauthorization of the program have only served to heighten the focus on
sustainability and domestic resource mobilization. How PEPFAR does this, however, remains an ongoing question.
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There has never been a more critical moment to invest in WHO, and strengthen the unique role it plays in global health. Now is the time to sustainably finance WHO and invest in a healthy return for all.
Le Plan d’action pour l’élimination du paludisme 2021-2025 a été élaboré en consultation avec les pays et les partenaires régionaux comme cadre de référence pour orienter les efforts nationaux et les contributions des donateurs et partenaires dans le but d’éliminer la maladie dans la ...Région des Amériques. Le plan souscrit aux objectifs et aux piliers de la Stratégie technique mondiale de lutte contre le paludisme 2016-2030 adoptée par l’OMS, et présente également des éléments clés pour relever les défis spécifiques à la Région.
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The Plan of Action for Malaria Elimination 2021-2025 has been developed in consultation with countries and regional partners as a framework of reference to guide the efforts of countries and the contributions of donors and partners towards elimination of the disease in the Americas. The Plan subscri...bes to the goals and pillars of the WHO Global Technical Strategy against Malaria 2016-2030 (GTS), while presenting key elements to address the specific challenges of the Region. The document seeks to guide national plans and promote an inter-programmatic- intersectoral approach, and joint efforts between countries and partners. The Plan is also the reference framework for PAHO technical cooperation in malaria in the period 2021-2025. The goals to be achieved require changes in action against malaria that must occur at the operations level and for which regulatory and policy adjustments are required from the national levels. Thus, the Plan promotes a systematic action of detection, diagnosis and response, which must be massively implemented and monitored programmatically. A main element of change is action aimed at recognizing the need to address key malaria foci in each country with specific, information-based operational solutions. The Plan of Action seeks to promote these changes in malaria programs in the countries and through the interactions among all actors. The model proposed in this plan is based on a cross-functional dialogue and interconnections across the lines of action (SL). Strategic lines 1, 2 and 3, which correspond to the three pillars of the WHO/GTS, complement each other, and are not designed to function independently. The idea of the consolidated supportive elements - strengthened health systems, strategic planning, financing, partnerships, advocacy, and operational research (SL 4) is to provide the platform, operational structures and alliances for the more specific malaria interventions presented in strategic lines 1, 2 and 3.
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O Plano de ação para a eliminação da malária 2021-2025 foi desenvolvido em consulta com países e parceiros regionais como um marco de referência para orientar os esforços dos países e as contribuições de doadores e parceiros em prol da eliminação desta doença nas Américas. O plano sub...screve às metas e aos pilares da Estratégia técnica mundial para o paludismo 2016-2030, da Organização Mundial da Saúde, ao mesmo tempo em que apresenta elementos essenciais para enfrentar os desafios específicos da região.
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El Plan de acción para la eliminación de la malaria 2021-2025 ha sido elaborado en consulta con los países y asociados regionales como un marco de referencia para orientar las acciones de los países y las contribuciones de los donantes y de los asociados hacia la eliminación de la enfermedad en... la Región de las Américas. El plan está en consonancia con los objetivos y pilares de la Estrategia técnica mundial contra la malaria 2016-2030 de la OMS, al tiempo que presenta elementos clave para afrontar los desafíos específicos de la Región.
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Esta nota técnica busca guiar a los programas nacionales de malaria y a las organizaciones implicadas en el apoyo de los esfuerzos para la eliminación de la malaria en la Región de las Américas, a fin de que intensifiquen las acciones políticas/estratégicas e implementen los cambios operativos... necesarios para acelerar la eliminación de P. falciparum como parte de las estrategias nacionales para la eliminación de la malaria. Con tal finalidad, orienta las acciones que deben llevarse a cabo para acelerar la eliminación de P. falciparum en zonas próximas a su eliminación, sin comprometer los esfuerzos unificados de eliminación del paludismo (P. vivax - P. falciparum) y contribuyendo al objetivo final del país de eliminar el paludismo en su conjunto. La aceleración de la eliminación de P. falciparum procura mitigar el riesgo de aparición y propagación de la resistencia a la artemisinina y de la resistencia a los fármacos asociados; acelerar la reducción del número total de casos de paludismo en zonas con una proporción importante de P falciparum; acelerar la eliminación de la malaria (P. vivax y P. falciparum) teniendo en cuenta que P. falciparum es uno de los desencadenantes de las recaídas de P. vivax; desarrollar capacidades en intervenciones para acelerar la eliminación de la malaria a partir de la experiencia de eliminación de P. falciparum, reduciendo el tiempo para alcanzar la eliminación de la malaria; y empoderar a diferentes actores, autoridades de alto nivel, donantes, municipios y otras entidades para la eliminación de la malaria con inspiración en los logros de la eliminación del P. falciparum.
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All malaria-endemic countries in the Region of the Americas have taken on the challenge of eliminating malaria and have focused their health programs and strategies on that goal. The risk of emergence of artemisinin resistance in the Americas, the characteristics of P. falciparum parasite, and the e...pidemiological evidence of subnational territories experiencing reintroduction of P. falciparum urge for a call to push for P. falciparum elimination as an intermediate goal of the elimination of all malaria human species. Derived from the elimination of P. falciparum, other important results are expected, such as the empowerment of different actors and entities for the elimination of malaria inspired by the achievements of the elimination of P. falciparum, using early victories as a catalyst. This technical note provides guidance on actions to accelerate P. falciparum elimination in areas close to achieving this goal without compromising unified malaria elimination efforts (P. vivax - P. falciparum), while contributing to the country's ultimate goal of eliminating malaria overall. The acceleration of P. falciparum elimination has several goals: mitigating the risk that resistance to artemisinin and associated drugs will emerge and spread; accelerating the reduction in the total number of malaria cases in areas with a significant proportion of P. falciparum; accelerating malaria elimination (both P. vivax and P. falciparum), considering that P. falciparum is one of the triggers of P. vivax relapses; developing capacities in interventions to accelerate malaria elimination by building on the experience of P. falciparum elimination; and empowering different actors, including high-level authorities, donors, municipalities, and other entities involved in malaria elimination, by inspiring them with the achievements of P. falciparum elimination.
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This guidance note developed by UNICEF is intended to help WASH staff in their preparedness and response to the current COVID-19 pandemic. It provides an overview of Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) and its intersection with water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and how staff can help prevent ...infection and its spread in schools, whether through human-to-human or by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus. WASH services, including waste management and environmental cleaning, are all important for IPC. This brief is available in English, Spanish, and French here.
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