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HIV testing programmes need to ensure that all clients who test for HIV are provided with correct diagnoses. The accuracy of HIV testing is critical to prevent misdiagnosis, as the consequences of giving an incorrect test result can be serious for clients, HIV testing services, HIV programmes and pu
...
blic health.
With the evolution of global HIV epidemiology, HIV testing approaches must also evolve to maintain accuracy and efficiency in population-level diagnosis. Reports suggest that misdiagnosis of HIV status may occur when suboptimal testing algorithms and out-of-date testing strategies are used. As a result of changing epidemiology and declining HIV positivity in testing, WHO recommends all countries use a standard three-test strategy to ensure a PPV of at least 99%, minimizing false-positive misdiagnosis. The WHO-recommended HIV testing strategy, along with quality assurance measures such as retesting to verify a positive diagnosis prior to initiation of HIV treatment, is cost-effective as it prevents misdiagnosis and unnecessary initiation of costly lifelong treatment.
This implementation guide provides practical advice on switching to a three-test strategy and instituting other measures that can help national HIV programmes deliver high-quality, accurate HIV testing services and ensure that misdiagnosis is minimized.
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IAS–USA Topics in Antiviral Medicine. September 22, 2025
Internal Document
This comprehensive analysis outlines the recommended mental health services in HIV
care, delivery modalities, required resources, guideline integration, special population
considerations, and implementation strategies with real-world examples
Policy Brief
A job aid for cadres supporting caregivers of children and adolescents living with HIV (ages 0-14) in Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) Programs
April 2025 – MARCH 2026
Miscellaneous
Chapter J.4
Accessed 14 July 2015
Harm Reduction Journal (2016) 13:28
DOI 10.1186/s12954-016-0118-x
International Journal of Drug Policy 24 (2013) e91-98
Detailed clinical guidelines focusing on dolutegravir-based regimens.
Panels Recommendation Updated Dec 2024
