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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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A New Agenda for Mental Health in the Americas: Report of the Pan American Health Organization High-Level Commission on Mental Health and COVID-19

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2024) C_WHO

Unmet mental health needs in the Region of the Americas are a leading source of morbidity and mortality, which result in tremendous health, social, and economic consequences. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the mental health crisis in the Region, necessitating urgent action at the highest leve... more

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Air pollution exposure—the (in)visible risk factor for respiratory diseases

Bălă, G.P.; Râjnoveanu, R.M.; Tudorache, E. et al. Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2021) CC

There is increasing interest in understanding the role of air pollution as one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide. Nine of 10 individuals breathe air with polluted compounds that have a great impact on lung tissue. The nature of the relationship is complex, and new or updated data are... more

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Social Protection - Budget Brief

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2023) C_UNICEF

Based on an increasing body of evidence pointing at the positive impact that social assistance has had in Malawi, the region and beyond, government is encouraged to continue investing in and supporting the expansion and comprehensiveness of social protection programmes in both rural and urban areas,... more

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Urogenital schistosomiasis among school children in northwestern Tanzania: Prevalence, intensity of infection, associated factors, and pattern of urinary tract morbidities

Nyanda, C.J. ; T.R. Leeyio, A. Fuss, et al. (2024) CC

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Volume 27, November 2024, e00380 The planning and implementation of intervention measures against schistosomiasis, particularly mass administration, require knowledge of the current status of the infection. This is important for monitoring the impact of the interve... more

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Strengthening rehabilitation in health emergency preparedness, readiness, response and resilience: policy brief

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Strengthening rehabilitation in health emergency preparedness, response, and resilience: policy brief outlines the evidence for rehabilitation in emergencies and the need for greater preparedness of rehabilitation services. It shows how existing guidelines support the integration of rehabilitation i... more

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Gesundheitsreport 2020: Wie in Deutschland das Menschenrecht auf Gesundheit verletzt wird

Ärzte der Welt (2021) C1

Krank und ohne medizinische Versorgung in Deutschland Der Ärzte der Welt-Gesundheitsreport 2020 beleuchtet Barrieren beim Zugang zu medizinischen Leistungen von Menschen, die von Armut oder prekären Lebens- und Wohnverhältnissen betroffen sind. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Situation von S... more

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COVID-19 Actualização de Políticas Científicas e de Saúde Pública – (21 de Abril de 2020)

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2020) CC

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Masks and Covid-19
recommended

MEDBOX (2020) CC

MEDOBOX Issue Brief No.1

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Immunization in the context of COVID-19 pandemic
recommended

World Health Organization & United Nations Children's Fund (‎‎‎‎‎UNICEF)‎‎‎‎‎. (2020) C_WHO

Immunizations are an essential health service that protect susceptible individuals from vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD).2 By providing timely immunizations, individuals and communities remain protected and the likelihood of a VPD outbreak decreases This publication is available in Arabic, Chines... more

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Guidance on the use of mpox vaccines. Revised edition

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2024) CC

Smallpox eradication was certified in 1980. Mpox has been endemic in Central and West African countries since it was first detected in 1958 . It is a zoonosis; cases are often found close to tropical rainforests where various animals carry the orthopoxvirus that causes the disease. In endemic countr... more

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The Big Catch-Up: An Essential Immunization Recovery Plan for 2023 and Beyond

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The backsliding of immunization coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic, combined with delayed catch-up efforts has resulted in a large and growing immunity gap. There is an urgent need to close this gap, and enable millions of missed children to be vaccinated. The Essential Immunization Recovery Plan... more

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Continuing care during COVID-19: adopting lifesaving approaches to treat acute malnutrition

International Rescue Committee (2020) C2

The risk of increasing rates of acute malnutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the urgent need to adapt, and expand access to, acute malnutrition diagnosis and treatment services in humanitarian and fragile contexts.

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Immunization coverage: Are we losing ground?

World Health Organization WHO; UNICEF (2020) C_UNICEF

Immunization is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions to date, saving an estimated 2 to 3 million lives each year. As a direct result of immunization, the world is closer than ever to eradicating polio, and deaths from measles – a major child killer – have declined by 73 per... more

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Situational Brief: Impact of Covid-19 on forcibly displaced persons inside Syria

Marzouk M., Rayes D., Y. Douedari et al. Lancet Migration (2020) CC

Over nine years of protracted and violent conflict in Syria has decimated its health system,killed an estimated 586,000 people and forcibly displaced more than half the 22 million pre-war population from their homes. As of June 2020, a total of 6.2 million Syrians (of whom 40% are children) are inte... more

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Plan Estratégico de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud 2020-2025: La equidad, el corazón de la salud

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2020) C_WHO

Bajo el tema La equidad, el corazón de la salud, este plan procura catalizar los esfuerzos en los Estados Miembros para reducir las inequidades en materia de salud entre los países y los territorios y dentro de ellos, a fin de mejorar los resultados en materia de salud. En el plan se señalan medi... more

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International instruments on the use of antimicrobials across the human, animal and plant sectors

the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) C_WHO

The publication provides an overview and analysis of international instruments that set standards related to the use of antimicrobials across the human, animal and plant sectors, and their release into the environment. The purpose of the document is to identify existing instruments and standards in ... more

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IПрофилактика инфекций и инфекционный контроль в учреждениях долговременного ухода в контексте вспышки COVID-19

World Health Organization (WHO) (2021) C_WHO

Временные рекомендации8 января 2021 г

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Guidance for SARS-CoV-2 samples selection for genomic characterization and surveillance

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2021) C_WHO

Genomic sequencing has been an essential tool in generating virological data, driving the laboratory response, and better understanding the dispersal and evolutionary patterns of SARS-CoV-2. In addition to the characterization of the global circulation patterns, early detection of SARS-CoV-2 variant... more

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Impact psychologique de la COVID-19 sur les prestataires de soins de santé

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, Bureau régional de l'OMS pour l'Afrique (2021) C_WHO

Note d’orientation rapide

Masks and Covid-19 recommended

Immunization in the context of COVID-19 pandemic recommended

Masks and Covid-19
recommended

Immunization in the context of COVID-19 pandemic
recommended