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Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc...e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

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Prehospital trauma care systems

Sasser S,Varghese M, Kellermann A, Lormand JD. World Health Organization (2005) C_WHO

This manual provides guidance for policymakers on the issue of prehospital trauma care systems. The main areas covered include the organisation of the prehospital trauma care system, capacity development, data collection, transportation and communication, as well as ethical and legal considerations

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Sustaining Effective Coverage for HIV, Tuberculosis, and Malaria in the Context of Transition in Tanzania

Fleisher, Lisa; Mehtsun, Sinit; Arias, Daniel Results for Development (R4D) (2017) C1

R4D conducted a thorough desk review and qualitative fiscal space analysis, 19 interviews about financing for the three diseases and the extent of alignment between public financial management systems and health policy objectives, and a validation workshop with government officials.
Tanzania’... more

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Ukraine country overview

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2019) C2

Accessed: 22.03.2019

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Ukraine: Mental Health in Transition

World Bank (2017) C1

Assessment and Guidance for Strengthening Integration of Mental Health into Primary Health Care and Community-Based Service Platforms in Ukraine

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COVID-19 Infodemic Trends in Africa - May 2021

Africa Infodemic Response Alliance, IFRC, UNICEF Africa Infodemic Response Alliance, IFRC, UNICEF (2021) CC

This report presents operational recommendations based on monthly COVID-19 online and offline community feedback trends analysis in Africa.It aims to enable evidence-based decision-making at regional and national levels.

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HIV prevalence and determinants of loss-to- follow-up in adolescents and young adults with tuberculosis in Cape Town

P. Mulongeni; S. Hermans; J. Caldwell; et al. PLOS One (2019) CC

PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210937 February 5, 2019

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CDC in Mozambique (Factsheet)

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2013) C1

This factsheet describes the work and activities of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Mozambique as well as its impact in this country.

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Haiti Hurricane Matthew Situation Report #27 (25 November 2016)

World Food Programme (2016) C1

In Numbers 2.1 million affected people, of which 894,000 are children. 1.4 million people require humanitarian assistance. 806,000 people severely food insecure.

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Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Standards in Health Care Facilities, 11 May 2020

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2020) C_WHO

This technical note contains indicators and minimum standards necessary for emergency response in the following topics: quantity of water, access to water, quality of water, sanitation, hygiene, solid waste, cleaning and disinfection, as well as dosages for the preparation of solutions disinfectants... more

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Costing of Integrated Community Case Management in Malawi

Z. Jarrah, A. Lee, K. Wright, K. Schulkers, D. Collins USAID; et al. (2013)

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Teaching the Sustainable Development Goals

Engagement Global (2017) C1

Teaching the Sustainable Development Goals” provides information about the SDGs, their background, the global reality and offers assistance and suggestions on how to teach and support learning for sustainable development.

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HIV and AIDS in East and Southern Africa regional overview

Avert (2018) C2

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National Guidelines on Promoting Access of Young People to Adolescent- and Youth-Friendly Services in Primary Health Care Facilities in Nigeria

Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria (2014) C1

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Strengthening monitoring and evaluation (M&E) and building sustainable health information systems in resource limited countries

Mpofu, M., Semo, B., Grignon, J., et al. BMC Public Health (2014) CC

Lessons learned from an M&E task-shifting initiative in Botswana

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Rwanda: Health Sector Research Policy

Ministry of Health, Rwanda (2012) C2

The Rwandan Health Sector Research Policy (HSRP) policy defines the scope of research in the Rwandan health sector and presents the strategic principles to ensure that the research done in Rwandan health sector will be conducted in a more coordinated manner, promoting research for equity and social ... more

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Adherence interventions and outcomes of tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of trials and observational studies

Alipanah N, Jarlsberg L et al. (2018) CC

We systematically reviewed Medline as well as the references of published review articles for relevant studies of adherence to multidrug treatment of both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB through February 3, 2018. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as well as prospective and retro... more