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Publication Years
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Severe bacterial infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people with advanced HIV disease, after tuberculosis and cryptococcal disease. For countries to reach the end-AIDS targets for 2030, there is a need to establish a road
...
map for managing severe bacterial infections and reduce mortality. The purpose of the meeting was to
Review the current research and implementation data on the use of prophylactic antibiotics (specifically azithromycin/macrolides) as part of the AHD package of care; To review options for preventing SBIs that are in line with goals of reducing AMR; Present the current evidence on diagnostics for SBI; Discuss research gaps and implementation challenges.
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The EYE communication strategy is intended for use by all EYE partners and respective communication teams, as well as regional and country colleagues who will need to communicate about the work of EYE. It will also be publicly available for others,
...
such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and private sector organizations, who may wish to read or share content published about EYE.
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This document sets out, therefore, to explain the socioeconomic value of investing in the fight against NTDs and highlights priorities for global investment attention. Our work was guided by the need not only for
additional funding and funders but
...
also for the need to understand the current funding climate, in which value for money and the efficient use of resources to fill the most critical of gaps are more relevant than ever.
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1.1 Why this course is needed
The first few hours and days of a newborn baby’s life are a critical window for establishing breastfeeding and for providing mothers with the support they need to breastfeed successfully. Since 1991, the Baby-friendl
...
y Hospital Initiative (BFHI) has helped to motivate facilities providing maternity and newborn baby services worldwide to better support breastfeeding. It has been adopted by many countries and organizations. The BFHI aims to provide a health-care environment that supports mothers to acquire the skills necessary to exclusively breastfeed for six months, and to continue breastfeeding for two years or beyond.
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Obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have been steadily increasing globally, and with them, a pressing need to implement effective responses to address the contributing factors. Among the available evidence-based policy options t
...
hat enable healthier choices and improved diets is the implementation of taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs).
This tax manual is a practical guide for policy-makers and others involved in SSB tax policy development to promote healthy diets and populations. It features summaries and case studies of SSB global taxation evidence, and provides support on the policy-cycle development process to implement SSB taxation — from problem identification and situation analysis through policy design, development and implementation to the monitoring and evaluation phase. Additionally, the manual identifies and debunks industry tactics designed to dissuade policy-makers from implementing these taxes.
SSB taxes can be a win-win-win strategy: a win for public health (and averted health-care costs), a win for government revenue, and a win for health equity.
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The Assessment package has been developed for countries to evaluate the implementation of the WHO Standards for prosthetics and orthotics. It enables identification of areas in need of strengthening and facilitates relevant planning. The complete As
...
sessment package consists of four components: Assessment guide: gives directions on how to organize and implement the assessment. Assessment tool: Excel instrument used to carry out assessments and record results.
User manual: explains how the Assessment tool should be used.
Planning document: Excel file into which the recommendations that are generated by the Assessment tool can be pasted for easy use in subsequent planning.
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The backsliding of immunization coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic, combined with delayed catch-up efforts has resulted in a large and growing immunity gap. There is an urgent need to close this gap, and enable millions of missed children to be v
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accinated. The Essential Immunization Recovery Plan sets out a path to getting immunization back on track, framed by three key approaches – Catch-Up, Restore and Strengthen. This document serves as the joint strategic description of this coordinated effort by WHO, UNICEF, and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, along with the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) Partnership, to support countries to plan and implement intensified efforts to bolster immunization programmes in 2023 and beyond.
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Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021–2030 (“the road map”) sets explicit targets for the elimination of onchocerciasis by 2030, including eliminating the need for mass
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drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin in at least one focus in 34 countries, in more than 50% of the population in at least 16 countries, and in the entire endemic population in at least 12 countries. The road map also targets interruption of onchocercal transmission in 12 countries by 2030. Achieving these targets and milestones will require a number of critical actions. These include establishing a well-coordinated global partnership to connect stakeholders and existing partnerships at all levels in order to improve coordination and collaboration, accelerate technical progress, implement a harmonized research agenda and enhance service delivery.
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The article "Capacity-Building in Community-Based Drug Treatment Services" by Michael J. Cole focuses on the global challenges in providing adequate community-based drug treatment services. It highlights the gaps in availability, quality, and accessibility of evidence-based care. The article discuss
...
es the principles and strategies for capacity-building at three levels: individual, organizational, and service sector. It emphasizes using an empowerment model, engaging community stakeholders, and creating sustainable practices. The paper also addresses the need for systematic planning, assessment, and collaboration to strengthen drug treatment systems globally.
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The document outlines strategies for reducing salt intake to combat high blood pressure, strokes, and heart disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. It highlights the need for progressive reductions in salt consumption, particularly in staple fo
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ods like bread, while promoting public awareness, engaging stakeholders, and setting regulatory standards to achieve sustainable health benefits.
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The far-reaching impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the critical need for evidence-informed, transparent and inclusive decision-making. Policy-makers have grappled with complex choices amidst uncertainty. They have constantly reassessed res
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ponse measures while navigating their economic implications and unintended consequences on societal well-being. Effective communication of the basis for these decisions has also posed a challenge, requiring transparency and public trust.
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The war in Gaza has resulted in many hundreds of spinal cord injuries (SCI), which will have a devastating impact on those injured and their families for the rest of their lives.
The optimal management of SCI requires effective pre-hospital care, early specialized imaging (using CT or MRI) and in
...
many cases early surgical interventions by a highly specialised neurosurgical team. Surgery requires many hours of use of a sterile operating room environment and supportive critical care capacity, as well as intensive post-operative care – none of which is currently possible due to the ongoing war, destruction, and disruption of health services in Gaza.
An alternative to surgery is conservative management – this requires intensive nursing care under full spinal precautions for many weeks in order to allow for bone and soft tissue healing and prevent further injury to the spinal cord. The patient is unable to move independently in bed during this period. Those caring for the patient need to be able to safely reposition them every 2 hours, and manage all their bowel and bladder care needs. The patient needs good nutrition and hydration at all times, as well as access to medication to support bowel care, manage pain (including neuropathic pain). A caregiver must remain with the patient to be trained to provide ongoing care and assist with daily care.
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Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) or Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the 1st cause of death and disability worldwide.
The term NCDs refers to a group of conditions that are not mainly caused by an acute infection, result in long-term health
...
consequences and often create a need for long-term treatment and care. These five main NCDs are cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic lung illnesses and Mental health conditions.
Many NCDs can be prevented by reducing common risk factors such as tobacco use, harmful alcohol use, physical inactivity and eating unhealthy diets. Many other important conditions are also considered NCDs, including injuries and mental health disorders.
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the world’s top 10 public health threats. The World Health Organization (WHO) in the African Region, using the Antimicrobial Stewardship assessment tool, h
...
as assessed Member States progress on strengthening national capacity need for effective implementation of antimicrobial stewardship interventions to mitigate the threat posed by AMR. The African Region bears the bulk of the global burden of AMR, which drives up health care costs and the increases the economic burden on families and societies. Ultimately, this puts the achievements of modern medicine at risk when infections can no longer be treated with first-line antibiotics. In 2019, the deaths associated with and those directly attributable to bacterial resistance were estimated around 4.95 million and 1.27 million respectively. Left unchecked, deaths from drug resistant infections will surpass the predicted annual death toll of 10 million by 2050.
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This resource presents a comprehensive framework designed to enhance and streamline telemedicine services within health-care systems. It addresses the critical need for accessible and effective tele
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medicine solutions, especially in the face of global health challenges and the evolving demands on health-care infrastructures. It outlines a multidimensional strategy that includes an assessment of the current health-care ecosystem, strategic visioning for telemedicine integration, organizational change management, development of telemedicine services, and continuous monitoring, evaluation, and optimization. It emphasizes the importance of considering the unique needs of diverse populations and ensuring equitable access to telemedicine technologies. By leveraging global best practices and empirical evidence, the document aims to guide stakeholders through the lifecycle of telemedicine service implementation—from conceptualization to maturity. Intended for health-care decision-makers, policy-makers, and telemedicine practitioners, the framework supports the development of high-quality telemedicine services at various levels of the health system. It facilitates a collaborative approach, encouraging alignment and coordination among different stakeholders to achieve a common goal: building a resilient, patient-centred, and technologically advanced health-care system.
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The document WHA70.16, adopted during the 70th World Health Assembly, outlines a global strategy for an integrated response to vector-borne diseases. It emphasizes the urgent need to strengthen nati
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onal and global capacities for vector control amid rising threats such as insecticide resistance, climate change, and the spread of vectors like mosquitoes. Member States are urged to align their national strategies with WHO’s integrated approach, improve surveillance, promote research, and ensure cross-sector and cross-border collaboration. The WHO Director-General is requested to provide technical support, promote innovation, and monitor progress, with regular updates to future World Health Assemblies.
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The presentation titled "Malaria Capacity Building Initiative" outlines efforts led by the WHO and partner organizations to strengthen the skills and systems needed to fight malaria globally. It highlights the need for a coordinated, long-term strat
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egy to build human resource capacity in malaria-endemic countries—especially among national malaria control programs, frontline health workers, NGOs, and WHO staff. The document reviews past and current training activities, such as workshops on case management, entomology, vector control, epidemiology, and planning. It emphasizes the development of standardized training materials and competency frameworks, the role of national and regional training centers, and the use of blended learning methods (e.g., e-learning and in-person sessions). The goal is not just to deliver training, but to build sustainable capacity through partnerships, continuous improvement, quality assurance, and integration into health systems. It also calls for better coordination, tracking of trained personnel, and engagement of ministries of finance to ensure long-term support.
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In November 2022, WHO launched a strategy to address antimalarial drug resistance in Africa, emphasizing the need for stronger surveillance. While regional monitoring networks have been active in other regions, most in Africa have not convened since
...
2017–2018. To renew collaboration, WHO organized a meeting bringing together countries from the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions. Participants shared recent data on antimalarial efficacy and resistance. While artemisinin-based combination therapies remain highly effective, some sites in Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania reported lower-than-expected efficacy of artemether–lumefantrine. Delayed parasite clearance linked to Plasmodium falciparum Kelch-13 mutations was noted in Eritrea, Rwanda, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania. Discussions highlighted challenges in therapeutic efficacy studies, molecular marker surveillance and the need for improved genotyping to distinguish relapses from new infections.
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Despite gains in childhood survival, more effort is needed to improve the well-being of children with developmental delays and disabilities. All children, including children with developmental delays and disabilities, need nurturing care. Nurturing
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care can contribute to preventing developmental delays and protect children who are exposed to risk factors, as well as improve functioning and long-term outcomes for children with developmental disabilities. This Brief outlines why and how nurturing care is relevant for children with developmental delays and disabilities. Recognizing that these children have diverse needs requiring different levels of coordinated and family-centred support, it recommends a set of actions to strengthen policies, services, communities and caregiver capabilities so that these children receive nurturing care.
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This Mobile user guidance is aimed at supporting implementation of EWARS in a box, WHO’s electronic early warning, alert and response system in emergencies. This guidance fulfills a long felt need to have an easy to use resource with step-by-step
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instructions in establishing EWARS in a box, facilitating field epidemiologists, surveillance officers and emergency responders.
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