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OCHA Policy Brief on Gendered Drivers, Risks and Impacts of Food Insecurity in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2023) CC

It is widely understood that the food insecurity crisis in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa is one of the world’s fastest growing and most neglected crises. It lacks sufficient global focus, resources and urgency. As in so many crises, women and girls are disproportionately affected and shoulder t...he consequences of protracted neglect, with unconscionable impacts on their safety, life chances and agency. Gaining a holistic view of the gendered drivers, risks and impacts of food insecurity in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa is difficult. This is due to a lack of data and prioritization, and the large geographical and socioeconomic terrain covered by both regions. However, what we do know about this crisis is more than enough to urgently address the needs of women and girls. An OCHA discussion paper on this topic (which will be published imminently, and from which this policy brief is drawn) found that there is: A strong risk of profound regression in gender equality gains made to date in the countries of concern, including on education, sexual and reproductive health, and the economic independence of women and girls (with knock-on effects on broader humanitarian and development outcomes). An increasing challenge to reverse what must be recognized as a protracted and growing gender-based violence (GBV) emergency in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa. The food insecurity crisis in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa is protracted, multidimensional and highly gendered, with spiralling impacts on gender equality and food security outcomes. It is driven by interwoven and overlapping factors, including climate change, political instability, conflict, socioeconomic conditions, migration and displacement and, more recently, COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine. Interlinked with these factors are gendered structural drivers of food insecurity, including deeply entrenched gender inequalities and harmful social norms. Gendered risks and impacts of food insecurity include alarming limitations on access to education, sexual and reproductive health rights, women’s agency and participation, and dramatic increases in different existing forms of GBV and the emergence of new ones. Recognition of such gendered dimensions of food insecurity and of the need for a multisectoral approach in the response is key to addressing the crisis, along-side sustained commitment and adequate allocation of resources. This policy brief draws out key findings from the OCHA discussion paper on this topic, which includes a desk review of studies, assessments and reports, and interviews with local women’s organizations on the front lines of the food insecurity crisis in communities across both regions. Below are the most pressing gendered drivers, risks and impacts of food insecurity (not in order of priority), as well as key gaps in the current humanitarian response to food insecurity, and recommendations to take forward. more

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A glimpse into WHO work in Botswana

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

This publication articulates the WHO Botswana Country Office’s focus and investment needs for the biennium 2022–2023, building on achievements, networks, and partnerships fostered in 2020-2021. As the leading health authority within the United Nations system in Botswana, the WHO Country Offi... more

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Health interventions for older people in emergencies

Fritsch, P. Help Age International; ECHO (2013) CC

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Policy Brief: The impact of COVID-19 on older persons

United Nations (2020) C2

The COVID-19 pandemic is causing untold fear and suffering for older people across the world. As of 26 April, the virus itself has already taken the lives of some 193,710 people, and fatality rates for those over 80 years of age is five times the global average. As the virus spreads rapidly to devel... more

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Disability and Education. Summary of Results

Jacob R.S. Malungo, D. Nabuzoka, R. Paul, et al. UNICEF; Ministry of Community Development and Social Services Zambia, et al. (2018)

Qualitative study from Zambia on barriers to and facilitators of life-long learning

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Nigeria 2013 Demographic and Health Survey: Key Findings

National Population Commission (NPCNigeria) and ICF International (2014) C1

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Water, sanitation, hygiene and habitat in prisons: supplementary guidance

International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC (2012)

A practical handbook covering the architecture, engineering, design and operation of prisons. It is intended for all ICRC delegates working in places of detention, whether they have extensive practical experience or are new to the field.

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WHO Country Cooperation Strategy Nepal, 2013-2017

World Health Organisation (WHO) Country Office for Nepal (2013) C_WHO

External Link

Kenya Comprehensive Refugee Programme 2015

UN High Commissioner for Refugees (2015)

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Ethical Decision-Making in Humanitarian Health in Situations of Extreme Violence. Report and Recommendations

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Syrian American Medical Society, et al. (2019) C1

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National Multisectoral Action Plan (NMAP) for Prevention and Control of Common NCDs (2017-22)

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India; WHO (2017) C_WHO

India is experiencing rapid demographic and epidemiological transitions with NCDs causing significant disability, morbidity and mortality both in urban and rural populations and across all socioeconomic strata. According to the ICMR State Level Disease Burden Initiative, in 2016, NCDs accounted to a... more

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UNAIDS Guidance Note on HIV and Sex Work

UNAIDS (2012) C2

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Mobilizing Communites for Health and Social Change. Community Mobilization Strategy

Ministry of Health, Malawi; USAID; et al. (2011) C1

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Mental Health In Emergencies

World Health Organization WHO (2003) C_WHO

Mental and Social Aspects of Health of Populations Exposed to Extreme Stressors

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Nutrition Topic Guide

Jessica Meeker, Stephen Thompson, Inka Barnett The Health & Education Advice & Resource Team (HEART) (2013)

This Topic Guide has been compiled to provide an overview of undernutrition in the context of development. The focus of the Guide is on undernutrition, defined as the outcome of insufficient (quantity and quality) of food intake (hunger) and repeated infectious diseases. Undernutrition includes bein... more

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Guidelines for creating barrier-free emergency shelters

Curtin, M. Handicap International Nepal (2009) C1

This manual provides guidance on the design and building of barrier-free emergency shelters that are used by all people within a community following a natural disaster, such as a flood or landslide. It provides information with examples of the essential aspects to consider when designing and buildin... more

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Ending Preventable Child Deaths from Pneumonia and Diarrhoea by 2025

World Health Organization; UNICEF (2013) C_WHO

The integrated Global Action Plan for Pneumonia and Diarrhoea (GAPPD)

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Community-based rehabilitation: CBR guidelines - Supplementary booklet

Kamala Achu, Kathy Al Jubah, Svein Brodtkorb, et al. WHO (2010) C_WHO

Available in: English, French, Chinese, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Thai, Korean, Tajik, Vietnamese, Uzbek http://www.who.int/disabilities/cbr/guidelines/en/

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Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey 2008

Ministry of Health & Sanitation, Sierra Leone; ICF Macro (2009) C1

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LACRO Zika Virus Humanitarian Situation Report No.2, 1 April 2016

UNICEF (2016) C1