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WHO South Sudan Annual Report 2022

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

A lot has happened this year. While we continued to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic, we were hit by disease outbreaks and humanitarian crises. Yet, despite these challenges, we marched on, resolute in resolving critical health systems issues to increase access to quality healthcare services. To furth... more

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Assessing national capacity for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: report of the 2021 global survey

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

To assess national-level responses to NCDs, WHO has implemented NCD country capacity surveys periodically since 2001. This report is the latest in that series. Since the first survey round, the NCD Country Capacity Survey (NCD CCS) has been conducted a further seven times, most recently in 2021. In ... more

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Integrated operational framework for mental health, brain health and substance use

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

This integrated operational framework provides an overview of the connections between mental health, neurological and substance use (MNS) conditions, and their links to health, well-being and the broader public health and sustainable development agenda. The need for integrated approaches is increasi... more

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Strategic framework for collaboration on antimicrobial resistance

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Together for One Health. Building on the momentum of increased collaboration, the WHO, FAO, OIE and UNEP have developed a Strategic Framework for collaboration on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This Framework reflects the joint work of the four organizations to advance a One Health response to AMR ... more

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When the Drugs Don’t Work – Antibiotic Resistance as a Global Development Problem

The Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation and ReAct (2019) C2

This paper focuses on the Sustainable Development Goals related to poverty, economic growth, inequality, health, food production and the environment. It presents concrete examples of the underlying and complex aspects of antibiotic resistance and its impacts across different Sustainable Development ... more

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Strategy for oral health in South-East Asia, 2013-2020

World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia (2013) C_WHO

Oral diseases are among the most common chronic diseases worldwide and constitute a major public health problem due to the huge health and economic burden on individuals, families, societies, and health care systems. The recent emphasis on the role of determinants of health, common risk factors and ... more

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Maternal and Newborn Health in Urban India: A Monograph based on Literature Review Exercise

Save the Children (2016) C2

India contributes to 16% of the global maternal deaths and around 27% of global newborn deaths. Reducing the burden of maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity in urban poor settings today requires an expansion of effective Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH) care services and lowering the barrier... more

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FEEDcities project: Food Environment Description in cities – eastern Europe and central Asia Sarajevo. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia and Herzegovina (2019)

World Health Organization (2019) C_WHO

This technical report presents the results of a cross-sectional survey conducted in Sarajevo, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, between June and August 2017, as part of the FEEDcities Project (Food Environment Description in cities – eastern Europe and central Asia)... more

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A Roadmap on the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Among People Living With Diabetes

Mitchell, S.; Malanda, B.; Damasceno, A. et al. World Heart Federation (2019) CC

In 2014, the World Heart Federation (WHF) launched an initiative to develop a series of Roadmaps [1e6]. Their aim is to identify potential roadblocks on the pathway to effective prevention, detection, and management of cardiovascular disease (CVD), along with evidence-based solutions to overcome... more

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Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness, Part 1 Blended Learning Module for the Health Extension Programme

HEAT, UNICEF, Open University, AMREF, WHO Ministry of Health, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (2011) C1

These Blended Learning Modules cover the full range of health promotion, disease prevention, basic management and essential treatment protocols to improve and protect the health of rural communities in Ethiopia. A strong focus is on enabling Ethiopia to meet the Millennium Development Goals to reduc... more

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Scenarios: El Niño/La Niña Impact on Indonesia

acaps (2016) C1

The report covers possible developments in Indonesia over the next 10 months (to end 2016). Four scenarios are outlined: Delayed Second Crop Harvest Delayed and Reduced Second Crop Harvest La Niña disrupts main rural sources of income Soaring rice prices The scenarios wer... more

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Improving the health and wellbeing of children and adolescents: guidance on scheduled child and adolescent well-care visits

UN Children's Fund UNICEF; World Health Organization WHO (2024) CC

To survive and thrive, children and adolescents need good health, adequate nutrition, security, safety and a supportive clean environment, opportunities for early learning and education, responsive relationships and connectedness, and opportunities for personal autonomy and self-realization. To prom... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more