Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
38
World Health Organisation (WHO)
38
Robert-Koch-Institut RKI
37
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
30
Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS
26
WHO
23
World Health Organization
22
World Health Organization (WHO)
21
Pan American Health Organization PAHO, World Health Organization WHO
20
UNICEF
20
OPAS
18
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe
18
Ministerio de Salud Argentina
14
Africa CDC
13
UN Children's Fund UNICEF
13
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC
12
Ministerio de Salud Pública de Ecuador
12
PERC
12
World Economic Forum et al.
12
Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS)
11
Pan American Health Organization PAHO
11
reliefweb
11
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa
11
Global Handwashing Partnership
10
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social Bogotá, Colombia
10
Ministerio de Salud, Peru
10
Organisation mondiale de la Santé OMS
9
Cochrane Library
8
MEDBOX
8
Ministerio de Salud, Colombia
8
Organización Panamericana de la Salud
8
Sphere - Standards
8
UNAIDS
8
Bild und Sprache e.V.
7
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
7
Health Emergencies Programme
7
African Union, Africa CDC
6
and S. Mauder
6
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC
6
International SOS
6
Kamps, B.S.
6
Mauder, S.
6
Ministerio de sanidad - España
6
OPAS, OMS
6
BZgA
5
Degam
5
Dirección de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles
5
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC
5
Hartmann-Boyce J., N. Lindson
5
Ministerio da Saude Brasilia
5
Ministerio da Saude, Brasilia
5
Ministerio de Salud Publica Paraguay
5
Ministério da Saúde, Brasil
5
OPS
5
Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS)
5
Oxfam
5
Rüppel, T.
5
Teleducacion Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Antioquia
5
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA
5
USAID
5
World Bank
5
World Health Organization WHO, et al.
5
Всемирная организация здравоохранения
5
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ)
5
Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention
4
BMJ Global Health
4
Clinical Care Options
4
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4
Ministerio de Salud Chile
4
Ministério da Saúde Brasil
4
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4
OCHA
4
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4
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
4
Regional Office for Africa
4
The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action
4
Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации
4
and C. Hoffmann
3
and P. Reijer
3
B.S. Kamps
3
Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung BzgA
3
CDC
3
Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias
3
Centro de Coordinación de Alertasy Emergencias Sanitarias
3
et al
3
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO
3
Hoffmann, C.
3
Holy See Press Office
3
Inter-agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in CrisesInternational Rescue Committee
3
Ministerio de Salud Bolivia
3
Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde Brasil
3
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3
Ministry of Health, Kenya
3
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3
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3
National Health Mission
3
OECD
3
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
3
Reijer, P.
3
Rüppel, J.
3
Save the Children
3
Action against AIDS
2
Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Safeguarding Africa's Health)
2
African Society for Laboratory Medicine ASLM
2
African Union, African CDC, World Health Organisation
2
ALNAP
2
Amnesty International
2
and J. Rüppel
2
Apotheker ohne Grenzen
2
BMC Public Health
2
BMJ
2
British Medical Journal
2
C. Ferreira-Borges
2
Cambridge University Press
2
Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis and Outbreak Response
2
Department: Health Republic of South Africa
2
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2
DIFÄM
2
Direction générale de la prevention et de la promotion de la santé
2
Dr. J. Breda
2
Eastern Mediterranean Region
2
et. al.
2
European Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ECDC
2
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
2
Family Larsson
2
Feraud, H.
2
First Draft, Yale Insitute for Global Health
2
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
2
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
2
Geffert, K.
2
Gentilini U., M. Almenfi, I. Orton
2
Global Polio Eradication Initiative GPEI
2
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2
Government of India Ministry of Health & FW
2
Handicap International, CBM
2
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2
IFRC
2
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2
International Labour Organisation
2
International Organization for Migration IOM
2
Internews
2
IRIS
2
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia
2
Kim, A.
2
Lancet Migration
2
M. Dara
2
Medical Mission Institute
2
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2
Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador
2
Ministerio de Salud y Deportes Bolivia
2
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2
Ministère de la Santé - Le Gouvernement Luxembourgeis
2
Ministère de la Santé de la population et de la réforme hospitalière
2
Ministério da Saúde, Brazil
2
Ministry of Health& Family Welfare, Goverment of India
2
Ministry of Health, Ghana
2
Misereor, Brot für die Welt, Global Policy Forum GPF
2
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2
OCHA Services reliefweb
2
Organización Mundial de la Salud
2
Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde
2
Paul Ehrlich Institute
2
Paul-Ehrlich-Institu PEI
2
R. Jahn
2
République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire
2
Rosenquist Foundation (dedicated to human milk)
2
RüppelT.
2
S.R. Lewin and R. Sherer
2
Sallam, M.
2
See text
2
Seitz, K.
2
Smithsonian Science Education Center
2
Social Science in Humanitarian Action
2
Stop TB Partnership
2
The Alliance for Children Protection in Humanitarian Action
2
The Center For Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy
2
The Independent Panel
2
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC
2
The Lancet
2
The Public Good Projects
2
UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR
2
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2
UNCT Zambia
2
UNFPA
2
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2
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2
UpToDate
2
Wolters Kluwer
2
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2
World Health Organization (Europe)
2
World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia
2
ВОЗ
2
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (Eвропейское)
2
2012
1
350
1
390: 898&ndash
1
912
1
A. Anand, J. Sandefur, and A. Subramanian
1
A. García-Prado, J.P. Sarmiento, et al.
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1
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1
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1
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1
AMREF
1
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1
Amrita Gill-Bailey, Kathryn Bertram, Uttara Bharath et al.
1
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1
and C. Wonodi
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and F. Morgado
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and J. Garcia-Rosales Delgado
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1
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1
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1
Arii M., F. Baele, J. Bedford et al.
1
Arrieta, A.
1
ASCOFAME: Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Medicina
1
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ASLM
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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The COVID-19 pandemic’s immediate costs, measured in lives lost and damaged, have been appalling and continue to rise. In addition, its effects on individuals’ livelihoods and economies around the world have been deep and are likely to be long lasting. While saving lives was the near-exclusive f...ocus during the first phase of the crisis, governments are now trying to strike a delicate balance between preventing further economic damage by reopening parts of their economies, while managing the obvious health risks of doing so.
In the international mobility and migration arenas—policy areas enormously affected by the health and economic effects of the pandemic—this reflection considers both how these fields have fared thus far and the challenges that lay aheadmore
1 March 2021 This roadmap aims to define the key questions users should consider to assess indoor ventilation and the major steps needed to reach recommended ventilation levels or simply improve indoor air quality (IAQ) in order to reduce the risk of spread of COVID-19.
It also includes recommendat...ions on how to assess and measure the different parameters, specifically in health care, non-residential and residential settings whenever a person is under home care or home quarantine.more
This National Health Policy has 5 objectives, namely
i. To strengthen the healthcare delivery system to be resilient
ii. To encourage the adoption of healthy lifestyles
iii. To improve the physical environment
iv. To improve the socio-economic status of the population
v. To ensure sustainable f...inancing for health
These objectives shall collectively ensure that there will be improved alignment, complementarity and synergies within and across all public sector ministries as well as with other stakeholders, towards achieving the national health goal.
The policy shall therefore ensure that MDAs and other identifiable organizations work within the principles of the Health-in-All Policy and the One-Health Policy frameworks (WHO), to achieve the desired healthy life status of people living in Ghana.more
This new plan has been developed to build on successes made and lessons learnt from implementation of the two initial plans and to provide a short to medium term strategic anchor against which preparedness and response plans to the corona virus disease COVID-19 epidemic in the country should focus o...n for the period June 2021 to June 2022.more
La finalidad de estas orientaciones es aumentar la capacidad de los establecimientos de salud para proteger y mejorar la salud de las comunidades destinatarias ante un clima inestable y cambiante;
y habilitarlos para que sean ambientalmente sostenibles, optimizando el uso de los recursos y reducien...do al mínimo el vertido de desechos en el medio ambiente. Los establecimientos de salud resilientes al clima y ambientalmente sostenibles favorecen una atención de alta calidad
así como la accesibilidad de los servicios, y al ayudar a reducir los costos también garantizan una mejor asequibilidad. Por consiguiente, son un componente importante de la cobertura sanitaria universal (CSU).
El presente documento tiene por objeto:
Orientar a los profesionales que trabajan en el ámbito de la atención de salud a fin de que comprendan los riesgos sanitarios adicionales que entraña el cambio climático y se preparen eficazmente para afrontarlos.
Fortalecer la capacidad para llevar a cabo una vigilancia eficaz de las enfermedades relacionadas con el clima; y vigilar, prever y gestionar los riesgos para la salud asociados al cambio climático y adaptarse a ellos.
Guiar al personal de los establecimientos de salud para que trabaje con los sectores determinantes de la salud (en particular los de agua y saneamiento, energía, transporte, alimentación, planificación urbana y medio ambiente) a fin de que se prepare para afrontar los riesgos sanitarios adicionales que entraña el cambio climático mediante un enfoque de resiliencia, y promueva prácticas ambientalmente sostenibles en la prestación de los servicios.
Proporcionar al personal de los centros salud instrumentos que le ayuden a evaluar la resiliencia de los establecimientos ante las amenazas del cambio climático y su sostenibilidad ambiental a partir del uso adecuado de los recursos (en particular el agua y la energía y las adquisiciones sostenibles) y el vertido de desechos peligrosos (biológicos, químicos y radiológicos) en el medio circundante.
Promover medidas encaminadas al fortalecimiento constante y creciente de los establecimientos de salud y a garantizar que sigan siendo eficientes y responsivos para mejorar la salud y
contribuyan a reducir las inequidades y la vulnerabilidad en los entornos en que están implantados.more
Este documento apresenta um marco conceitual renovado das funções essenciais de saúde pública (FESP) para a Região das Américas, com o qual se pretende dar maior clareza conceitual e operacionalidade ao novo campo de atuação da saúde pública e preencher uma lacuna nas propostas conceituais... sobre o fortalecimento dos sistemas de saúde. O marco proposto apresenta um novo paradigma para a saúde pública, baseado em quatro pilares orientados para a ação: a necessidade de incorporar a abordagem dos direitos humanos às políticas públicas de saúde; a necessidade de a saúde pública ampliar seu enfoque para ter uma abordagem mais ampla dos determinantes sociais da saúde; o papel da saúde pública para garantir de forma integral e integrada o acesso a intervenções de base populacional e atenção individual de qualidade; e a necessidade de as autoridades de saúde atuarem em colaboração com outros setores e com a sociedade civil no desempenho das funções de saúde pública.more
As of 12 December 2022, over 645 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with COVID-19, with over 6.6 million deaths (4).
The Omicron variant, which emerged in late November 2021, and its subvariants, are now the dominant circulating viruses, contributing to the ongoing surge in several countr...ies (4). Vaccination has substantially reduced case numbers and hospitalizations in many countries,but limitations in global access to vaccines mean that many populations, including those in low- and middle-income countries, remain vulnerable. Even in vaccinated individuals, uncertainties remain about duration of protection and efficacy, and the degree of crossprotection with new variants.
There remains a need for more effective treatment and management for those affected by COVID-19. The pandemic – and the
explosion of both research and misinformation – has highlighted the need for trustworthy, accessible and regularly updated living
guidelines to place emerging findings into context and provide clear recommendations for clinical practicemore
sthma prevalence is increasing worldwide, and surveys indicate that most patients in developed and developing countries, including South Africa, do not receive optimal care and are therefore not well controlled. Standard management guidelines adapted to in-country realities are important to support ...optimal care. The South African Thoracic Society (SATS) first published a guideline for the management of chronic persistent asthma in 1992, which has subsequently been revised several times.
The main aim of the present document was to revise and update SATS’ statement on the suggested management of chronic asthma, based on the need to promote optimal care and control of asthma, together with the incorporation of new concepts and drug developments. This revised document reinforces optimal care and incorporates the following primary objectives to achieve the recent advances in asthma care:
• continued emphasis on the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as the foundation of asthma treatment
• to reduce the reliance on short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) monotherapy for asthma symptoms
• to incorporate the evidence and strategy for the use of the combination of an ICS and formoterol for acute symptom relief (instead of a SABA)
• to incorporate the evidence and strategy for the use of as-needed ICS-long-acting beta agonists (LABA) for patients with infrequent symptoms or ‘mild’ asthma
• to incorporate the evidence and strategy for the use of a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) in combination with ICS-LABA; and
• to incorporate the evidence and strategy for the use of and management with a biologic therapy in severe asthma.more
Interim Guidance
This document is to help Member States build on actions taken during the COVID-19 pandemic to improve national medium- to long-term preparedness for future threats. It maps COVID-19 preparedness and response actions to the building of sustainable International Health Regulations (2...005) core capacities; locates relevant supporting WHO resources that are not specific to the pandemic; and advocates for the conscious and effective allocation of COVID-19 funds to also meet countries’ longer-term needmore
This report is primarily intended for the community of policymakers and researchers concerned about the rising risks of domestic, regional, and global infectious disease epidemics, and the collective failure to take the coordinated actions required to reduce such risks. These risks include the expec...ted health, economic, and societal costs that are borne by countries, regions, and even all nations in the case of pandemics (which are worldwide epidemics). These risks also include the consequences of increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its spread within regions and globally. A necessary first step is to monitor whether a broad range of stakeholders are acting to prevent outbreaks from becoming epidemics, whether their capacities to respond to epidemics are robust, and whether preparedness to respond to pandemics and limit the resulting economic and health damage is improving. Analyzing the adequacy of these efforts is vitally important for the decisions of policymakers to invest in the public health and disaster-risk management capacities. Early and effective control of disease outbreaks prevents substantial health and economic costs whether or not the disease can spread globally and become a pandemic. more
Updated 2022. This guide addresses the care pathway from presentation of the patient to a health facility to patient discharge. It considers different levels of disease severity, from asymptomatic individuals to critically ill patients. Accounting for variations in the benefits and harms of chest im...aging in different situations, remarks are provided to describe the circumstances under which each recommendation would benefit patients. The guide also includes implementation considerations for different settings, provides suggestions for impact monitoring and evaluation and identifies knowledge gaps meriting further research.more
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to large increases in healthcare waste, straining under resourced healthcare facilities and exacerbating environmental impacts from solid waste. This report quantifies the additional COVID-19 healthcare waste generated, describes current healthcare waste management syst...ems and their deficiencies, and summarizes emerging best practices and solutions to reduce the impact of waste on human and environmental health. The recommendations included in the report build on actions in the WHO manifesto for a healthy recovery from COVID-19: prescriptions and actionables for a healthy and green recovery. They target the global, national and facility levels to promote a “win–win” scenario for COVID-19 PPE use, testing and vaccinations that are safe and support environmental sustainability.more
Access to safe blood and blood products is recognized as one of the key requirements for delivery of modern health care in the journey towards health for all. The foundation of safe and sustainable blood supplies depends on the collection of blood from voluntary non-remunerated and low-risk donors. ...Data from the WHO Global Database for Blood Safety (GDBS) brings out several inadequacies related to the supply and safety of blood and blood products. These inadequacies include a number of variations in safe blood practices across the world, including the quantity of blood donated (voluntary and replacement types), quality and adequate testing of the donated blood (immunohaematology [IH] and transfusion-transmitted infections [TTIs]), rational use of blood and blood components such as appropriate patient blood management protocols. These variations are very high in countries of the South-East Asian Region and most of them are either low- or middle-income countries (LMICs).more
The WHO BioHub Biosafety & Biosecurity: criteria and operational modalities sets out the requirements to which laboratories wishing to receive biological materials as part of this international exchange system should abide, to ensure safe and secure operations. These provisions are in accordance wit...h the recommendations of the WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual 4th edition (LBM4), adopting an evidence- and risk-based approach to enable scalable and adaptable biosafety provisions and actions, proportionate to the assessed riskmore
The intent of these guidelines is to develop a holistic, coordinated, proactive and technology driven strategy for management of biological disasters through a culture of prevention, mitigation and preparedness to generate a prompt and effective response in the event of an emergency. Th...e document contains comprehensive guidelines for preparedness activities, biosafety and biosecurity measures, capacity development, specialised health care and laboratory facilities, strengthening of the existing legislative/
regulatory framework, mental health support, response, rehabilitation and recovery, etc. It specifically lays down the approach for implementation of the guidelines by the central ministries/departments, states, districts and other stakeholders, in a time bound manner.more