Gerald Keusch, Keith McAdam, Patricia Cuff, Michelle Mancher, and Emily R. Busta
1
German Bishops' Conference Research Group on International Church Affairs
1
German Cooperation
1
Germanavicius, A.
1
Germany’s National Public Health Institute (RKI), et al.
1
Ghana AIDS Commission
1
Ghana Health Service
1
GHS/NMCP/JHPIEGO/MSH/GLOBAL FUND (GFATM)
1
Global Asthma Network
1
Global Coalition for Circulatory Health
1
Global Initiative on Psychiatry (GIP)
1
Global Preparedness Monitoring Board
1
Global Research on Developmental Disabilities Collaborators
1
GNP+ (Global Network of people living with HIV)
1
Godfrey, E.
1
Government of Bangladesh
1
Government of India, Planning Commission
1
Government of Kenya
1
Government of Libya
1
Government of Malawi
1
Government of Nepal,Ministry of Health and Population, Department of Health Services
1
Government of Nigeria
1
Government of Tanzania
1
Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Health
1
Government of the Republic of Zambia
1
Government of the Syrian Arab Republic, UN Development Programme
1
Government of Uganda
1
Guo, J.
1
Gupta, A.
1
Gupta, R.
1
Gutiéerrez, J.
1
Gutiérrez, J.
1
H. Bailey et al.
1
H. E. Erskine
1
H. Tadeg
1
H.N.C. Yoder, W..Tol, R. Reis and J.T.V.M. deJong
1
Haefele-Abah, C.
1
Haitham Shoman, Emilie Karafillakis and Salman Rawaf
1
Haldane, V., De Foo, C., Abdalla, S.M. et al.
1
Hariharan, N., Ishtiaq, A., Eldridge, C., et al.
1
Harm Reduction International
1
Health Workforce Team of the World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa (WHO
1
Health & Family Welfare, Government of Kerala
1
Health Action in Crisis
1
Health Action International Africa
1
Health and Education Advice and Resource Team
1
Health Care Without Harm Asia
1
Health Cluster
1
Health Department Republic of South Africa
1
Health Department: Republic of South Africa
1
Health Poverty Action
1
Health System Trust HST
1
HEART (Health & Education Advice and Resource Team
1
Herman Woerdenbag
1
Hernández Serrano, P.
1
Hesperian Health Guides
1
Hill, A.
1
Hindricks, G.
1
hit.org.uk
1
HIV Economics Reference Group
1
HIV i-BASE/TREATMENT ACTION GROUP
1
Hoffmann, C.
1
Honein MA, Christie A, Rose DA, et al.
1
Horton, Susan, et al.
1
Hossain, I.
1
Huihui Wang, Nathaniel Otoo, and Lydia Dsane-Selby
1
Human Rights Watch
1
Humanitarian Reponse Team
1
i-base
1
I. Eramova
1
Ian R McClelland
1
ICAAP Secretariat
1
ICASO
1
ICRC
1
ICRC - International Committee of the Red Cross
1
ICS
1
IDS
1
Ilona Kickbusch
1
Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
1
in2mentalhealth
1
India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative CVD Collaborators
1
India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Diabetes Collaborators
1
Indian Council of Medical Research
1
Indian Council of Medical Research & Department of Biotechnology
1
Inerela + Kenya (International Network of Religious Leaders Living with or personally affected by HIV - Kenya Chapter)
1
INPUD
1
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)
1
Institute of Statistics Institute of Public Health
1
Inter-Agency Standing Committee
1
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Reference Group for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings
1
Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Crisis IAWG and UNFPA
1
International Agency for Prevention of Blindness IAPB
1
International Atomic Energy Agency
1
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1
International Bureau for Epilepsy
1
International Centre for Eye Health
1
International Committee of the Red Cross
1
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
1
International Dairy Federation
1
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC
1
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Water and Sanitation Mission Assistant
1
International Journal of Mental Health Systems
1
International Journal of Molecular Scienes
1
International League against Epilepsy
1
International Pharmaceutical Federation
1
International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)
1
International Society for infectious Diseases
1
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), World Health Organization (WHO)
1
Iosue, S.
1
Islamic Relief
1
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1
J. Amon
1
J. Begovacc
1
J. Buntine
1
J. Bushee
1
J. D. Lundgren
1
J. G. Scott
1
J. J. Fiol
1
J. Langer and J. Slawomirski
1
J. Strang
1
J. Watts Belser, D. David
1
J.Hows
1
Jack, H.
1
Jackson, J., Kheng Heng, L., Eklund, G. et al.
1
Jacobson, J. et al
1
Jacobsonc, J. et al
1
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
1
JAMES MACHARIA
1
Jamison, Dean T.
1
Jane Doherty
1
Japan Committee for UNICEF (JCU)
1
Jähnke, R.W.O. and Kornelia Dwornik
1
Jemoon, P.
1
JIAS ( Journal of the International AIDS Society)
1
Jindal, D.
1
Jogerst, K.
1
Joint HIV, TB and PMTCT Review Steering committee
1
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV
1
Joseph McCord, Emily Bancroft and Jessica Crawford
1
Journal of Cystic Fibrosis
1
Journal of Infection and Public Health
1
Journal of Palliative Medicine
1
JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc., and Management Sciences for Health
1
Juodkaite D.
1
Jusot, V.
1
K. Stone
1
Kadam. A.
1
Karolin Seitz
1
Kenya Law Reports (KLR)
1
Kenya Medical Research Institute
1
Kessler, R.C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., et al.
1
KfW
1
Khaltaev, N.
1
Khan, J.
1
Khuluza, F.
1
Kibui A., Mugo R., Nyaga G., et al.
1
Kraus, S.
1
Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau KfW
1
L. Bebora and P. Gathumbi
1
L. Mofenson
1
L. Savikj
1
Labonté et al
1
Ledingham, K.
1
Lenzen, M.
1
Liberia Medicines and Health Products Regulatory Authority (LMHRA)
1
Liese B
1
Lifting the Burden
1
Linju Maria, J.
1
Loulou Kobeissi
1
Lubit, R.H. & Giardino, E.R.
1
Luwabelwa, M.
1
M. A. Jiménez
1
M. Archary
1
M. Dara, C. D. Acosta, M. V. S. Vinklers Melchers, et al.
1
M. Ferrin
1
M. Gogia
1
M. Joffres
1
M. Schneider
1
M. Smelyanskaya, J. Duncan (The Focus Group Consulting)
1
M. Sologashvili
1
M. Ya Diul
1
M.Johnson
1
M.N. Ngongondo
1
M.Revishvili
1
Machalaba
1
MacKinnon, K.
1
MacKinnon,K.
1
Management Sciences for Health
1
Management Sciences for Health (MSH) - Center for Pharmaceutical Management
1
Managment of Health Sciences MSH
1
Marciani, D.J.
1
Mario R Dal Poz, Neeru Gupta, Estelle Quain and Agnes LB Soucat
1
Maternal & Childhealth Advocacy International (MCAI) , Advanced Life Support Group (ALSG)
1
Mauder, S.
1
Maurice Bucagu, Jean M. Kagubare, Paulin Basinga, Fidèle Ngabo, Barbara K Timmons & Angela C Lee
1
Maxwell, J.
1
McGloin, J.
1
McGuire, George
1
MCHIP
1
MEDBOX Team
1
Medecins Sans Frontieres
1
Medicines Control Council (MCC), Department of Health Republic of South Africa
1
Mediscript Ltd
1
Medscape
1
Mehtonen, J.
1
Mehtsun, Sinit
1
Melissa Leach
1
Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders: Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 4).
1
Mercer, E
1
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)
1
Médecins sans Frontières MSF
1
mhGAP
1
Minister for Medical Services
1
Ministry of Health and Ministry of Environment Ghana
1
Ministry of Health & Child Welfare
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), World Health Organization WHO
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India, et al.
1
Ministry of Health and Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India
1
Ministry of Health and Medical Education Iran
1
Ministry of Health and Ministry of Industry, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation, International Centre for Eye Health, Sightsavers
1
Ministry of Health and Social Services, Republic of Namibia
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Republic of Liberia
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, The United Republic of Tanzania
1
Ministry of Health Malawi
1
Ministry of Health Malaysia
1
Ministry of Health Nepal
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Fiji Islands
1
MINISTRY OF HEALTH, BARBADOS
1
Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children
1
Ministry of Health, Fiji
1
Ministry of Health, Government of Nepal
1
Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Lesotho
1
Ministry of Health, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, et al.
1
Ministry of Health, Pakistan
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Kenya
1
Ministry of Health, Tanzania
1
Ministry of Health. The Goverment of the Kingdom of Swaziland
1
Ministry of Medical Services and Ministry of Public Health & Sanitation, Republic of Kenya
1
Ministry pf Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone
1
Misereor, Brot für die Welt, Global Policy Forum GPF
1
Misereor, Brot für die Welt, GPF
1
Mitchell, S. et al.
1
Mohan P. Joshi Malaïka Ludman Dan Kibuule, et al.
1
Moriana, S.
1
Mortimer, K.
1
Mphahlele, R.E. et al.
1
MSEREOR, Brot für die Welt, Global Policy Forum Europe
1
MSF Access Campaign
1
MSF Médecins sans Frontières
1
Multiple Sclerosis international federation
1
Mursaleena Islam
1
N. Metrebian
1
Naidoo, K.L.
1
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
1
National Agency for Control of AIDS (NACA)
1
National AIDS Commission Indonesia
1
National AIDS Control Council
1
National Council for Law Reporting with the Authority of the Attorney-General
1
National Department of Health
1
National Department of Health, Republic of South Africa
1
National Drug Authority (NDA), Uganda
1
National Health Accounts Technical Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of india
1
National HIV
1
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
1
National Institute of Statistics, Directorate General for Health, and ICF Macro
1
National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Control Program (NLTCP)
1
National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
1
National TB Control Program, Department of Health
1
Nature Communications
1
Ndetei D, Musyimi C, Musau A, Matoke L, Mutiso V
1
Neil M Ferguson, Daniel Laydon, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Natsuko Imai, Kylie Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Sangeeta Bhatia, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Zulma Cucunubá, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Ilaria Dorigatti, Han Fu, Katy Gaythorpe, Will Green, Arran Hamlet, Wes Hinsley, Lucy C Okell, Sabine van Elsland, Hayley Thompson, Robert Verity, Erik Volz, Haowei Wang, Yuanrong Wang, Patrick GT Walker, Caroline Walters, Peter Winskill, Charles Whittaker, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Azra C Ghani.
1
Nguyen, T.
1
Nilar Tin et al.
1
Noel G. Macalalad, Ma. Cecilia G. Ama, Arthur B. Lagos et al.
1
NPJ
1
npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine
1
Nugent, R.
1
Nunziata, K. R.
1
Nữ tu Bác sĩ Nguyễn Thị Hiền
1
Nwokike J., Ludeman E., Thumm M.
1
Observatory of the Penal System and Human Rights (University of Barcelona)
1
Ocran Mattila, P.
1
OECD Publishing, Paris
1
Office of Health Standards Compliance (OHSC), South Africa
1
Official Journal of the European Union
1
Ogden, S.
1
Ogden, S., Gallo, K., Davis, S., et al
1
Okular Analystis, EU
1
Olans R. N. , R. D. Olans, A. DeMaria Jr
1
Open WHO
1
Orange Health Consultants
1
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Eurostat and World Health Organization (WHO)
1
organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS), Fédération internationale pharmaceutique (FIP)
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), Federación Internacional Farmacéutica (FIP)
1
Oritz, G.
1
Osman, H.
1
Ovid
1
Oxfam
1
Oxfam International
1
Oxford University Press
1
P. Booth
1
P. Brouwers
1
P. de Colombani
1
P. Drain, and T. Hall
1
P. J. de Vries
1
P. K. Maulik
1
P. Thorn
1
PAHO
1
Pakoyo Fadhiru Kamba, Munanura Edson Ireeta, Sulah Balikuna et al.
Peter G. Smith, Richard H. Morrow, and David A. Ross
1
Pharmaceuticals and Supply Agency
1
Pharmacy and Poisons Board, Ministry of Health, Kenya
1
Pharmacy Board of Australia
1
Pharmacy Board of Sierra Leone (PBSR)
1
Pharmacy Board Sierra Leone
1
Pharmacy, Medicines and Poisons Board, Malawi
1
Philippine Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Philippine College of Chest Physicians, Philippine Academy of Family Physicians
1
Phone Myint
1
Pitrez, P. M.
1
PLOS Neclected Tropical Diseases
1
PMC
1
PNG
1
Pohlig G, Bernhard SC, Blum J, Burri C, Mpanya A, et al.
1
Polly Clayden, Simon Collins, Mike Frick, et al.
1
Potter, A.L., Vandy, M., Smart, N. Blanchet, K.l.
1
President’s Malaria Initiative, CDC, MCHIP, MCSP
1
Prevent Project
1
Prince, M., and J. Jackson
1
Prof. C. Abobltins, L. Brown, Prof N. Curtis, et al.
1
Prof. G. N. Lule, Dr. B. Nyawira
1
Program for Appropriate Technology in Health PATH
1
PSA Tansforming The Supply Chain
1
Pub Med
1
Public Health Foundation India
1
Publications Office
1
Publisher: National Academic Press
1
PubMed.gov
1
r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH ;
1
R Loewenson
1
R. Ahmad, S.Shahzad Hasan, et al.
1
R. Clarke
1
R. Gustav
1
R. H.Crespo, L. Ditiu, A. Kurats, etc al.
1
R. Humeniuk, S. Henry-Edwards, R. Ali
1
R.G. Wagner, I. Petersen, et al.
1
R.S. Stephenson
1
Radcliffe
1
Raditladi, Tirelo et al.
1
Rahman-Shepherd, A.
1
Rajbongshi, S.
1
Rajiha A. Ibrahim, Amete M. Teshal, Surafel F. Dinku, et al.
1
Rational Pharmaceutical Management Project
1
Ray, K.K.
1
ReAct
1
ReAct Action on Antibiotic Resistance
1
ReAct, Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network
1
Rebuilding Basic Health Services Project (RBHS)
1
Reddel, H. K.
1
Redfern, J. et al.
1
Regional Network for Equity in Health in east and southern Africa (EQUINET)
1
Regional Office for Europe
1
Reilly, K.
1
reliefweb
1
Reliefweb OCHA Services
1
Reproductive Health Matters
1
Republic of Bangladesh, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
1
Republic of Kenya, Ministry of Health
1
Republic of Rwanda, Ministry of Health
1
Republic of Tajikistan
1
Republic of Uganda, Ministry of Health
1
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory
1
Rev Neuropsiquiatr
1
Richard Sebastian Silumbe
1
Robert A. Scott, Samden D. Lhatoo & Josemir W.A.S. Sander
1
Robert Koch Institut
1
Robert Koch Institut RKI
1
Roberton, T.
1
Rousham E. K., M. Aminul Islam, P. Nahar et al.
1
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
1
Royal Pharmaceutical Society, etal.
1
Rupprecht, C.
1
Rüppel, T.
1
Rwanda Biomedical Center - Institute of HIV
1
Rwanda Medical and Dental Council (RMDC), National Council for Nurses and Midwives (NCNM), National Pharmacy Council (NPC) and Rwanda Allied Health Professionals Council (RAHPC)
1
Ryan, R.E.
1
S. Andersson, A. Heaton, et al.
1
S. Basu
1
S. Cabrera
1
S. Caffe
1
S. E. Kellerman
1
S. Gogochashvili
1
S. I. Ngulde
1
S. Ibisevic
1
S. Mokitimi
1
S. Seedat
1
S. Tassew Seboka, A. Hawkins et al.
1
S.Kinloch-de Loës, et al.
1
SAARC Tuberculosis and HIV
1
Sachs, J. D.
1
Sachy, M
1
SAGE
1
Sage Journals
1
Salvage J, Rowson M, Melf K, Wilmen A
1
Samalin, L.
1
Sanders, S.
1
Schubert L.
1
Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft
1
Science Direct
1
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network
1
Seitz, K.
1
Séverin, T.
1
Séverin, T. et al.
1
SFU MPH Capstone Project
1
Shaping Health Programme
1
Sharon Alane Abramowitz, et al.
1
Sheena Posey Norris, Erin Hammers Forstag, and Bruce M. Altevogt
1
Sightsavers, Department for International Development, The International Trachoma Initiative , et al.
1
SLADEA (Sierra Leone Adult Education Association), et al.
1
Slama, S.
1
Social Science in Humanitarian Action
1
Sokolow SH, CL Wood, IJ Jones, et al.
1
Sophie Witter, Nouria Brikci, Tim Harris, et al.
1
South Africa's Dept. of Health
1
Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases
1
Southern Med Review
1
Souza Salles, T.
1
Sphere
1
Springer International Publishing
1
State Goverment Victoria
1
Stefan Mauss, Thomas Berg, Jürgen Rockstroh et al.
1
Stemmet, C.L.
1
STEPS Centre, Institute of Development Studies
1
Steve Aldrich, et al.
1
Steve Peat
1
Stockholm Drug and Therapeutics Committee
1
Stop TB Partnership to reach
1
Stop TB Partnership, World Health Organization
1
Stree Shakti-The Parallel Force, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
1
Szefler, S. J.
1
T. D. Benton
1
T. D. Vloet
1
T. da Encarnação Sá-Guimarães, E. Seam Lima de Alvarenga et al.
1
T. Groshkova
1
T. Jans
1
T. Lievens
1
Tambo, Ernest
1
Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority
1
Taylorb, R.
1
tein, D. J.et al.
1
TFDA
1
Than Tun Sein
1
The Alliance for children protection in humanitarian action
1
The Australian College of Pharmacy
1
The British Medical Journal (BMJ)
1
The Center for Health Market Innovations.
1
The Chatham House
1
The DHS Program
1
the Essential Drugs Programme, the PHC
1
The Ethiopian Public Health Institute
1
the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the World Health Organization (WHO)
1
The Georg Institute for Global Health India
1
The Government of Malawi
1
The Independent Panel
1
The International Federation of Anti-Leprosy Associations (ILEP)
1
The National Formulary Committee, National Drug Policy, DOH Philippines
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports
1
The Sphere Project
1
The Swedish Veterinary Association SVS
1
The United Republic of Tanzania - Ministry of Health Community Development Gender Elderly and Children
1
The William J. Clinton Foundation
1
The Women´s Health Council
1
The World Bank Group
1
Thriemer K, Katuala Y, Batoko B, Alworonga J-P, Devlieger H, et al.
1
Titus, M., Hendricks, R., Ndemueda, J., McQuide, et al
1
TK Sundari Ravindran
1
Towards a Safer World
1
Tromp, J.
1
U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)
1
U.S. Agency for International Development Office of Inspector General (USAID)
1
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
1
U.S. Global Malaria Coordinator
1
U.S. Government
1
U.S. Presidents Malaria Initiative
1
UCL Institute for Global Health and Development Education Research Centre, Institute of Education
1
UN
1
UN Country Team in Papua New Guinea
1
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees
1
UN Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute UNICRI
1
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
1
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
1
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA
1
UN Women
1
UN Women (United Nations for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women)
1
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)
1
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)
The WHO country office for Ghana, began the year 2019 with a 4-day staff retreat at the Busua Beach Resort in the Western Region from 04 to 08 March 2019. The theme for the retreat was ‘Impacting the Health and Lives of the people of Ghana through the Triple Billion Goal”. The staff outlined pri...orities and strategies to strengthen WHO’s contribution to the national health agenda during the year. Working in collaboration with the Ministry of Health/Ghana Health Service and other allied health institutions and stakeholders, the WHO country office, provided support aimed at achieving its
mission which is attaining the highest level of health by the people in the country though its six operational areas which are (i) Communicable Diseases (ii) Non-Communicable Diseases, (iii) Promoting Health through the Life Course (iv), Health Systems, (v) Preparedness, Surveillance and Response (vi) Corporate services and enabling functions.more
Responding to Outbreaks of Antimicrobial-resistant Pathogens in Health-care Facilities: Guidance for the Western Pacific Region is developed following requests from Member States in the Western Pacific Region for additional information and support in managing AMR outbreaks. It aims to provide: a ste...p-by-step guide for health-care facilities to respond to AMR outbreaks; a practical resource for health-care workers to support AMR outbreak response in low- and middle-income countries; and practical guidance to implement effective AMR outbreak response policies and procedures in clinical settings.more
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat as it is present in all parts of the world and it means that there is a shortage of effective antibiotics to treat simple infections and diseases, also statistics reveal that because of antimicrobial resistance patients’ morbidity and mortality is increa...sed, as well as healthcare related expenditures. Theoretical frameworks chosen for this study are Mark Salmon White’s construct for public health nursing and Tannahill’s model for health promotion. Both models focus on promoting and contributing to the health and well-being of the public. In this thesis the nurse’s role is explored and steps that can be taken towards contributing to minimizing antimicrobial resistance are listedmore
The key areas covered are diagnosis, imaging, pathology, surgery, rehabilitation, palliative care and survivorship. It emphasizes a multi-disciplinary team approach which is paramount for quality cancer care. The specific cancers covered are breast, central nervous system, gastroint...estinal, gynecological, head and neck, hematological, Kaposi’s sarcoma, lung, prostate and pediatric cancers. They also complement the National Guidelines for Cancer Management in Kenya released in 2013.more
Rabies has an enormous impact on both agriculture and conservation biology, but its greatest burden is undeniably on public health. As such, routine methods for rapid risk assessment after human exposures to rabies as well as applications for laboratory-based surveillance, production of biologicals ...and management of this infectious disease are critical. Given its mandate to improve human health and control disease among its Member States, WHO has led the production of this fifth edition of Laboratory techniques in rabies.more
Chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kill more than
four million people every year and affect hundreds
of millions more. These diseases erode the health
and well-being of the patients and have a negative
impact on families and societies. Women ...and
children are particularly vulnerable, especially those
in low and middle income countries, where they are
exposed on a daily basis to indoor air pollution from
solid fuels for cooking and heating. In high income
countries, tobacco is the most important risk factor
for chronic respiratory diseases, and in some of
these countries, tobacco use among women and
young people is still increasing.more
This document aims to describe a minimum set of surveillance activities recommended at the national level to detect and monitor the relative prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and outline a set of activities for the characterization and assessment of risk posed by these variants. A set of indicators ...is also provided to standardize monitoring and public reporting of variant circulation.
The document is primarily intended for national and sub-national public health authorities and partners who support implementation of surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 variantsmore
This document presents the World Health Organization Operational framework for building climate resilient and low carbon health systems*. ***The framework's goal is to increase the climate resilience of health systems to protect and improve the health of communities in an unstable and changing clima...te, while optimizing the use of resources and implementing strategies to reduce GHG emissions. It aims to contribute to the design of transformative health systems that can provide safe and quality care in a changing climate.
Implementation of the framework's ten components would help health organizations, authorities, and programmes to be better able to anticipate, prevent, prepare for, and manage climate-related health risks and therefore decrease the burden of associated climate-sensitive health outcomes. Implementing low carbon health practices would contribute to climate change mitigation while also improving health outcomes. Achieving these aims is an important contribution to universal health coverage (UHC), global health security, and specific targets within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The document is a useful resource for decision-makers in health systems, including public health agencies, and other specialized institutions, and for decision-makers in health-determining sectors.more
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has produced a three-volume series entitled Managing Hazardous Material Incidents. The series is designed to help emergency response and health care professionals plan for and respond to hazardous material emergencies.
- Volume I Emergenc...y Medical Services: A Planning Guide for the Management of Contaminated Patients
- Volume II Hospital Emergency Departments: A Planning Guide for the Management of Contaminated Patients
- Volume III Medical Management Guidelines for Acute Chemical Exposures
Volumes I and II are planning guides to assist first responders and hospital emergency department personnel in planning for incidents that involve hazardous materials.
Volume III is a guide for health care professionals who treat persons who have been exposed to hazardous materials. more
Snakebite envenoming affects millions of people worldwide annually and is a significant source of mortality. Preventing and treating the problem is complex and requires collaboration among the fields of public health, medicine, ecology, and laboratory science. After being removed from the category A... neglected tropical disease (NTD) list in 2013, snakebite envenoming was reinstated in 2017 in response to antivenom shortages and advocacy from researchers and international NGOs. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) set a target to halve the number of deaths and cases of snakebite envenoming by 2030.more
The new treatment recommendations that extend the 2018 treat all recommendation for adults with chronic HCV infection to include adolescents and children down to 3 years, and to align the existing recommended pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens (SOF/DCV, SOF/VEL and G/P) for adults, ...to those for adolescents and children. This alignment is expected to simplify procurement, promote access to treatment among children in low- and middle-income countries and contribute to global efforts to eliminate the diseasemore
The report focuses on antibacterial resistance (ABR) in common bacterial pathogens. There is a major gap in knowledge about the magnitude of this problem. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the effective revention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, para...sites, viruses and fungi. This WHO report, produced in collaboration with Member States and other partners, provides for the first time, as accurate a picture as is presently possible of the magnitude of AMR and the current state of surveillance globally. It examines the information on AMR, in particular antibacterial resistance (ABR), at country level worldwide.more
Introduction Pharmacovigilance (PV) systems to monitor drug and vaccine safety are often inadequate in sub-Saharan
Africa. In Malawi, a PV enhancement initiative was introduced to address major barriers to PV.
Objective The objective of this initiative was to improve reporting of adverse events (A...Es) by strengthening passive safety
surveillance via PV training and mentoring of local PV stakeholders and healthcare providers (HCPs) at their own healthcare
facilities (HCFs).
Methods An 18-month PV training and mentoring programme was implemented in collaboration with national stakeholders,
and in partnership with the Ministry of Health, GSK and PATH. Two-day training was provided to Expanded Programme on
Immunisation coordinators, identified as responsible for AE reporting, and four National Regulatory Authority representa-
tives. Abridged PV training and mentoring were provided regularly to HCPs. Support was given in upgrading the national
PV system. Key performance indicators included the number of AEs reported, transmission of AE forms, completeness of
reports, serious AEs reported and timeliness of recording into VigiFlow.
Results In 18 months, 443 HCPs at 61 HCFs were trained. The number of reported AEs increased from 22 (January 2000 to
October 2016) to 228 (November 2016 to May 2018), enabling Malawi to become a member of the World Health Organization
Programme for International Drug Monitoring. Most (98%) AE report forms contained mandatory information on reporter,
event, patient and product, but under 1% were transmitted to the national PV office within 48 h.
Conclusion Regular PV training and mentoring of HCPs were effective in enhancing passive safety surveillance in Malawi,
but the transmission of reports to the national PV centre requires further improvement.more
This bi-weekly brief details the latest developments in scientific knowledge and public health policy from around the world as well as updates to the COVID-19-related guidance from Africa CDC, WHO and other public health agencies.