PNAS 119 (8) e2113947119 | https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113947119
Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, m...easure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world’s rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The most frequently detected APIs were carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine (a compound also arising from lifestyle use), which were detected at over half of the sites monitored. Concentrations of at least one API at 25.7% of the sampling sites were greater than concentrations considered safe for aquatic organisms, or which are of concern in terms of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, pharmaceutical pollution poses a global threat to environmental and human health, as well as to delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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Le document fournit des messages éducatifs et des conseils pratiques pour prévenir et gérer la diarrhée, en particulier chez les enfants. Il met l'accent sur les pratiques d'hygiène telles que le lavage des mains adéquat, l'utilisation de latrines et la manipulation sûre des aliments. Il soul...igne également l'importance de l'allaitement maternel, d'une alimentation équilibrée, de la vaccination et de l'utilisation de solutions de réhydratation orale (SRO) et de zinc pour traiter la déshydratation causée par la diarrhée. Développé en collaboration avec les programmes de Save the Children en République démocratique du Congo, le matériel intègre l'éducation à la santé dans les écoles et les communautés, en encourageant les enfants à agir comme agents de changement pour promouvoir les pratiques d'hygiène et de santé.
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The Cartagena Declaration on Refugees was adopted by the Colloquium on the International Protection of Refugees in Central America, Mexico and Panama on November 22, 1984. The declaration is a non-binding agreement but has been incorporated in refugee law in various countries. The Cartagena Declarat...ion on Refugees bases its principles on the “commitments with regards to refugees” defined in the Contadora Act on Peace and Cooperation (which are based on the 1951 UN Refugee Convention and the 1967 Protocol).
It includes a range of detailed commitments to peace, democratization, regional security and economic co-operation. It also provided for regional committees to evaluate and verify compliance with these commitments.
This document contains the Spanish, French and English versions of the original text.
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Accessed:25.04.2020
Llammamiento Coordinado COORDINADO de las Naciones Unidas
Abril – Diciembre 2020
En el momento de redactar este documento, muchos países prioritarios se encuentran inmersos en la elaboración de sus planes revisados para la respuesta al COVID-19 o acaban de publicarlos. To...davía no se han estimado las necesidades de financiación para varios países. Por este motivo, las necesidades de cada país se reflejarán en la siguiente actualización del Plan Mundial de Respuesta Humanitaria.
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就改进手卫生做法助力预防COVID-19病毒传播给会员国的建议
Official Gazette No 43 of 28/10/2013 | LAW No 74/2013 OF 11/09/2013 ESTABLISHING RWANDA FOOD AND MEDICINES AUTHORITY AND DETERMINING ITS MISSION, ORGANISATION AND FUNCTIONING
Global concerns: Implications for the future
Child Mental Health Atlas
Frequently asked questions on COVID-19 vaccination. Version 6, 12 February 2022
The 2022 Financing for Sustainable Development Report identifies a “great finance divide” as a main driver of the divergent recovery. Developed countries were able to borrow record sums at ultra-low interest rates to support their people and economies, but the pandemic response and investment in... recovery of poor countries was limited by fiscal constraints. This joint report, by over 60 agencies of the United Nations system and partner international organizations, provides analysis and puts forward policy recommendations to overcome this “finance divide” and enhance developing countries’ access to financing for recovery and productive and sustainable investment.
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Брошюра по теме "последствия употребления винтa".
«Винт» (первитин, метамфетамин) – самодельный инъекционный наркотик-стимулятор, получаемый из эфедрина или аптеч...ных препаратов содержащих эфедрин (псевдоэфедрин). «Винт» обладает возбуждающим действием, резко повышает физическую и психическую активность, вызывает эйфорию
(хорошее настроение), подавляет усталость.
Accessed on 2019
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This policy paper underscores that, although children do not represent a high-risk group for direct COVID-19 fatality, the pandemic posts far-reaching secondary impacts that heighten risks to African children’s rights and wellbeing.
Порядок действий по профилактике распространения COVID-19 для организаторов волонтерской деятельности ( COVID-19 prevention guidelines for volunteer organisers )
Временные рекомендации 25 января 2020 г.
Last updated on Oct 5, 2018.
The framework responds to the demand from Member States and partners for guidance on how the health sector and its operational basis in health systems can systematically and effectively address the challenges increasingly presented by climate variability and change. This framework has been designed ...in light of the increasing evidence of climate change and its associated health risks (1); global, regional and national policy mandates to protect population health (2); and a rapidly emerging body of practical experience in building health resilience to climate change (3).
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Руководство представляет информацию о процедурах диагностики, порядке формирования схем лечения, осуществления клинического мониторинга эффективности и безопа...ности лечения на уровне пилотных районов, а также проведение программной оценки реализации краткосрочных схем и новых препаратов для лечения больных с М/ШЛУ-ТБ в условиях Таджикистана.
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Accessed June 2014
Adapted by PATH from: EngenderHealth.
Infection Prevention: a reference booklet for health care providers
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New York: EngenderHealth; 2001. Available at: http://www.engenderhealth.org/files/pubs/qi/ip/ip-ref-eng.pdf