Estas Pranchas para o diagnóstico microscópico da malária servem como guia para laboratoristas e técnicos de campo responsáveis por diagnóstico microscópico da malária pelo método de Giemsa. Também devem ser úteis para professores e alunos de disciplinas correlatas. As pranchas mostram fo...tomicrografias coloridas de lâminas de sangue (esfregaços e gotas espessas), coradas, e texto explicativo sobre as quatro espécies de parasitos causadores da malária humana e sua morfologia. São fornecidas descrições completas de cada espécie, bem como instruções sobre o preparo de lâminas e esfregaços, o uso de soluções tampão, o método de coloração Giemsa, o exame das lâminas e procedimentos para estimar a densidade parasitária. Nada será adicionado sobre knowlesi e simium? Acho importante até para que as pessoas saibam com o que se parecem. Também são descritos outros elementos celulares observados no sangue, bem como vários contaminantes comuns que podem ser confundidos com parasitos da malária.
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Determination of Parasitemia and Lifecycle
For the purposes of presenting the Guide as an e-course it has been divided into five parts. Each part of the course takes 30 to 45 minutes and must be completed in order. You can save and exit at any point throughout the course.
The five quiz sections presented at the end of each part of the cours...e are not part of the Basic Malaria Microscopy Learner’s Guide. They have been created by the Global Health Network to help you test your knowledge of the course and to gain a certificate to demonstrate that you have completed it
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The Ethiopia Cholera Outbreak - Flash Update #8 reports a worsening cholera crisis, with 11,407 cases and 156 deaths as of June 20, 2023. The outbreak, ongoing since August 2022, has spread across 79 districts in Oromia, Somali, SNNP, and Sidama regions, increasing by 85% since May.
Key challenges ...include contaminated water, insecurity, floods, and a global vaccine shortage, leaving 7.7 million people at risk. Only 15% of affected areas have contained the disease. A vaccination campaign has reached 1.9 million people, and 81 Cholera Treatment Centers (CTCs) have been set up, but funding remains critically low.
The United Nations (OCHA) warns that the upcoming rainy season may worsen the outbreak, requiring urgent intervention.
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This document is a situation report (#6) from October 2, 2017, describing the cholera outbreak in Yemen. By October 1, 2017, there were 777,229 suspected cholera cases and 2,134 deaths across 22 of Yemen's 23 governorates. The response involves WASH partners providing hygiene supplies and water trea...tment, health cluster partners operating treatment centers, and communication campaigns reaching over 16 million people. Major challenges include limited supplies, security risks hindering access to affected communities, a weakened health system with over 55% of facilities closed or partially functional, and difficulties importing medicines and medical supplies. Children under 18 represent 60% of cases, while people over 60 report the highest death rates.
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L'article souligne que les épidémies de choléra en Syrie et au Liban menacent gravement la santé et la survie des enfants. L'UNICEF alerte sur l'augmentation rapide des cas, exacerbée par des infrastructures d'eau et d'assainissement défaillantes, ainsi que par des systèmes de santé fragilis...és. L'organisation appelle à une action urgente pour améliorer l'accès à l'eau potable, renforcer les services de santé et mener des campagnes de vaccination afin de protéger les enfants contre cette maladie potentiellement mortelle.
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WHO supports Zambia in vaccinating 1 million people in Lusaka against cholera to combat an outbreak that began in October 2017, causing 2,672 cases and 63 deaths. Two million vaccine doses were provided by Gavi. WHO and the Zambia National Public Health Institute are improving water access, sanitati...on, and hygiene education while training medical staff. Another 1 million people in high-risk areas will be vaccinated later.
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The Lancet Global Health, published online 18 August 2017;
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30332-7
The article "The Political Determinants of the Cholera Outbreak in Yemen" examines how the ongoing civil war has contributed to Yemen’s severe cholera outbreak. The 2017 epidemic was des...cribed as the worst in the world, with cholera spreading rapidly due to the collapse of health, water, and sanitation systems.
The analysis shows that Houthi-controlled areas were disproportionately affected, accounting for 77.7% of cases and 80.7% of deaths. The article highlights the role of the Saudi-led coalition in worsening conditions through airstrikes on infrastructure, blockades restricting medical and food supplies, and the overall humanitarian crisis. It criticizes UNICEF for accepting a $67 million donation from Saudi Arabia while the coalition contributed to the crisis.
The article underscores that political actions and conflict have been key factors in the outbreak’s severity, with both warring sides failing to protect civilians.
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On 19 August 2016, the former UN Secretary-General announced a new approach to cholera in Haiti, consisting of two tracks. Track 1 focuses on reducing cholera transmission, improving access to care, and addressing water, sanitation, and health system issues. Track 2 aims to provide material assistan...ce to those most affected by cholera. The Secretary-General urged Member States to show solidarity with Haiti by increasing contributions. The UN General Assembly, in resolution 71/161, recognized the UN's moral responsibility to cholera victims and called for support to eliminate cholera and address its victims' suffering. The Secretary-General was requested to provide an update on the progress of this approach.
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The South African Department of Health reports a decline in cholera cases, with only one confirmed case out of 28 suspected cases in the last 10 days as of July 5, 2023. However, authorities urge continued vigilance, emphasizing hygiene, especially during mass gatherings.
Since February 2023, South... Africa has recorded 1,073 suspected cholera cases, with 198 confirmed cases across five provinces. Gauteng Province is the most affected, with 176 cases, primarily in Hammanskraal, Tshwane. Other affected provinces include Free State, North West, Limpopo, and Mpumalanga.
The outbreak has resulted in 47 deaths, with four new suspected deaths reported in the Free State. The majority of confirmed cases are in individuals aged 41-50 years, and 52% of cases are female.
The health department continues preventive efforts through health education and targeted case-finding. Authorities also stress the importance of clean water and hygiene compliance in initiation schools to prevent further outbreaks.
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This article describes WHO's efforts to combat a cholera outbreak in South Sudan in July 2017. The organization received 500,000 doses of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) and was working with South Sudan's Ministry of Health to launch a vaccination campaign from July 28 to August 3, 2017. At the time, the... country had reported 17,785 cholera cases and 320 deaths since the outbreak began in June 2016. The vaccination campaign targeted four counties with high transmission rates: Tonj East, Kapoeta South, Kapoeta North, and Kapoeta East. South Sudan was implementing an integrated approach to control cholera, combining patient care, surveillance, social mobilization, water and sanitation improvements, and vaccination. The article notes that approximately 6 million people in South Sudan were facing starvation, with food insecurity and drought exacerbating the risk of cholera spread as people resorted to using contaminated water sources.
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The ECDC's Cholera Monthly Surveillance page provides up-to-date data on cholera cases reported in Europe and globally. It monitors outbreaks, tracks trends, and analyzes the spread of the disease to support public health responses. The page includes interactive maps, statistics, and reports to help... policymakers, researchers, and healthcare professionals understand cholera’s epidemiology and implement preventive measures.
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The World Health Organization's cholera fact sheet provides essential information about cholera, an acute diarrheal infection caused by ingesting food or water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae bacteria. The disease remains a global public health threat, particularly in areas lacking safe water and ...adequate sanitation. While many infected individuals exhibit mild or no symptoms, severe cases can lead to rapid dehydration and death if untreated. Prevention focuses on ensuring access to clean water, proper sanitation, and hygiene practices. Effective treatment primarily involves prompt administration of oral rehydration solutions. The fact sheet also highlights the importance of surveillance, preparedness, and response strategies to control outbreaks.
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La fiche d'information sur le choléra de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé fournit des informations essentielles sur le choléra, une infection diarrhéique aiguë causée par l'ingestion d'aliments ou d'eau contaminés par la bactérie Vibrio cholerae. La maladie reste une menace mondiale pour ...la santé publique, en particulier dans les zones où l'accès à l'eau potable et à l'assainissement adéquat est insuffisant. Bien que de nombreuses personnes infectées présentent des symptômes légers ou inexistants, les cas graves peuvent entraîner une déshydratation rapide et la mort en l'absence de traitement. La prévention repose sur l'accès à une eau propre, un assainissement adéquat et de bonnes pratiques d'hygiène. Le traitement efficace consiste principalement en l'administration rapide de solutions de réhydratation orale. La fiche d'information met également en avant l'importance de la surveillance, de la préparation et des stratégies de réponse pour contrôler les épidémies.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) African Region website provides comprehensive information on cholera outbreaks across the continent. In 2024, 14 countries, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, and Nigeria, experienced significant outbreaks, with these three nations categoriz...ed as being in acute crisis.
The site offers access to Monthly Regional Cholera Bulletins, such as the May 2024 edition, which details the status of outbreaks, affected countries, and response measures.
Additionally, the website emphasizes the importance of coordinated responses to cholera outbreaks, highlighting efforts to enhance surveillance, provide medical supplies, and implement vaccination campaigns in high-risk areas.
Overall, the WHO African Region's cholera page serves as a vital resource for understanding the scope of cholera outbreaks and the ongoing initiatives to control and prevent the disease across the continent.
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Desde la notificación de los dos primeros casos confirmados de Vibrio cholerae O1 en el área del gran Puerto Príncipe el 2 de octubre de 2022, al 23 de octubre de 2022, el Ministerio de Salud de Haití (Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, MSPP por sus siglas en francés), inform...ó un total de 2.243 casos sospechosos, incluidos 219 casos confirmados, 1.415 casos sospechosos internados y 55 defunciones registradas.
El 20 de octubre de 2022, el Ministerio de Salud Pública de República Dominicana confirmó el primer caso importado de cólera en el país
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La respuesta a los brotes de cólera suele centrarse en los aspectos médicos que son importantes para que disminuya la mortalidad. Sin embargo, para limitar la propagación de la enfermedad se necesita una respuesta más integral. Dado que la respuesta a los brotes a menudo la dirigen profesionales... médicos, pueden quedar desatendidos otros aspectos tales como las cuestiones medioambientales o de comunicación.
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The document focuses on providing access to clean water and educating people about cholera, including its causes, symptoms, and prevention. It discusses the impact of cholera outbreaks, particularly in the Middle East, and highlights the importance of sanitation, hygiene, and proper water treatment ...to prevent the spread of the disease. The text also emphasizes the need for public awareness campaigns and emergency response efforts to mitigate cholera’s effects on vulnerable communities.
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The report provides an epidemiological update on cholera outbreaks in Haiti as of January 17, 2023. Since the first confirmed cases in October 2022, Haiti has reported 24,232 suspected cases, including 1,742 confirmed cases and 483 deaths. The most affected areas are in the Ouest Department, particu...larly Port-au-Prince. Children aged 1 to 4 years are the most affected group. The ongoing humanitarian crisis, security issues, and limited access to healthcare have worsened the outbreak, hindering epidemiological surveillance and case reporting. The PAHO/WHO is working with Haitian authorities to respond to the outbreak and mitigate its spread.
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