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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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Quality of care in fragile, conflict-affected and vulnerable settings: tools and resources compendium
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

This compendium represents a curated, pragmatic and non-prescriptive collection of tools and resources to support the implementation of interventions to improve quality of care in such contexts. Relevant tools and resources are listed under five areas: Ensuring access and basic infrastructure for qu... more

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Integrating palliative care and symptom relief into responses to humanitarian emergencies and crises: a WHO guide

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

Humanitarian emergencies and crises (Humanitarian emergencies and crises) are large-scale events that may result in the breakdown of health care systems and society, forced displacement, death, and physical, psychological, social and spiritual suffering on a massive scale. Current responses to Human... more

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Comparative effectiveness of different formats of psychological treatments for depressive disorder
recommended

World Health Organization WHO WHO (2015) C_WHO

Q8.SCOPING QUESTION: In adults and older adolescents with depressive disorder, what is the comparative effectiveness of different formats of psychological treatments?

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Informal consultation on end-game challenges for trachoma elimination

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Since 1996, trachoma has been targeted for elimination as a public health problem worldwide. The active trachoma criterion for national elimination as a public health problem is a TF1–9 < 5%, sustained for at least two years in the absence of antibiotic mass drug administration (MDA), in each form... more

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A toolkit for integrated vector management in sub-Saharan Africa

World Health Organization (WHO) (2016) C_WHO

This toolkit for integrated vector management (IVM) is designed to help national and regional programme managers coordinate across sectors to design and run large IVM programmes.
The toolkit provides the technical detail required to plan, implement, monitor and evaluate an IVM approach. IVM can... more

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WASH and Health working together: a ‘how-to’ guide for neglected tropical disease programmes
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

2nd edition. This toolkit provides step-by-step guidance to NTD programme managers and partners on how to engage and work collaboratively with the WASH community to improve delivery of water, sanitation and hygiene services to underserved population affected by many neglected tropical diseases. The ... more

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World Report 2021

Human Rights Watch HRW (2021) C1

World Report 2021, Human Rights Watch’s 31st annual review of human rights practices and trends around the globe, reviews developments in more than 100 countries. In his introductory essay, Executive Director Kenneth Roth calls on the incoming US administration to more deeply embed respect for ... more

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Creating peer support groups in mental health and related areas WHO QualityRights training to act, unite and empower for mental health (P I L O T V E R S I O N)

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

This document has been developed to support countries to develop and strengthen peer support groups in mental health and related areas. It addresses the provision of peer support groups in the context of health services and the wider community.

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Responding to Refugee Crises: Lessons from evaluations in South Sudan as a country of origin

Morrison-Métois, Susanna Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2017) C1

This working paper is a case study on South Sudan as an important refugee country of origin. The case study looks at issues of forced displacement in South Sudan and underscores the linkages between internally displaced persons and South Sudanese refugees. The case study highlights the importance of... more

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Education and Training. Technical Series on Safer Primary Care

World Health Organization WHO (2016) C_WHO

Good primary care may lead to fewer avoidable hospitalizations, but unsafe primary care can cause avoidable illness and injury, leading to unnecessary hospitalizations, and in some cases, disability and even death.Implementing system changes and practices are crucial to improve safety at all levels ... more

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Guide to community engagement in WASH
recommended

Niederberger, E.; S. Ferron and M. O'Reilly Oxfam (2016) C1

A practioner's guide, based on lessons from Ebola. This guide is a compilation of best practices and key lessons learned through Oxfam’s experience of community engagement during the 2014–15 Ebola response in Sierra Leone and Liberia. It aims to inform public health practitioners and programme ... more

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Management and Prevention Strategies for Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) and Their Risk Factors

Budreviciute, A.; Damiati, S.; Khdr Sabir, D. et al. (2020) CC

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are of increasing concern for society and national governments, as well as globally due to their high mortality rate. The main risk factors of NCDs can be classified into the categories of self-management, genetic factors, environmental factors, factors of medical co... more

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Control measures for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (‎STEC)‎ associated with meat and dairy products: meeting report

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

Although Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have been isolated from a variety of food production animals, they are most commonly associated with ruminants from which we derive meat and milk. Because of the widespread and diverse nature of ruminant-derived food production, coupled with the... more

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Inclusion of persons with disabilities in humanitarian action: 39 examples of field practices, and learnings from 20 countries

CBM; Handicap International (HI), and International Disability Alliance (IDA) (2019) C1

39 examples of field practices, and learnings from 20 countries, for all phases of humanitarian response. The report shows that deliberate and proactive action is required to ensure that persons with disabilities from all constituencies are systematically included and meaningfully participate in DRR... more

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Testing for Ethnic Discrimination in Outpatient Health Care: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Germany

M. Halla; Kah, C.; Sausgruber, R. Johannes Kepler University Linz (2022) CC

To test for ethnic discrimination in access to outpatient health care services, we carry out an email-correspondence study in Germany. We approach 3,224 physician offices in the 79 largest cities in Germany with fictitious appointment requests and randomized patients’ characteristics. We find t... more

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Disability Inclusion in Disaster Risk Management: Promising practices and opportunities for enhanced engagement

Guernsey, Katherine; Scherrer, Valérie Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), World Bank (2018) C1

This paper provides information to assist World Bank and GFDRR staff in affecting disability-inclusive DRM. It is based upon desk reviews of existing practice, as well as consultations with experts in the field of disability-inclusive DRM. The paper:
- Illustrates promising practices related to... more

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Textbooks for Sustainable Development - A guide to embedding

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development (UNESCO MGIEP) (2017)

This valuable and timely guidebook represents an innovative contribution to enhancing quality education through textbooks. It will change the way textbook authors, publishers and educators, as well as governments of the United Nations Member States, see the poten... more

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“There Is Enormous Suffering” - Serious Abuses Against Talibé Children in Senegal, 2017-2018

Seibert, L. Human Rights Watch (2019) CC

This report documents scores of serious abuses committed against talibé children by Quranic teachers or their assistants in 2017 and 2018, including deaths, beatings, sexual abuse, chaining and imprisonment, and numerous forms of neglect and endangerment. The abuses took place in at least eight of ... more

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Casebook on Ethical Issues in International Health Research

Cash R et al. World Health Organization (2009) C_WHO

This casebook collects 64 case studies, each of which raises an important and difficult ethical issue connected with planning, reviewing, or conducting health-related research. The book’s purpose is to contribute to thoughtful analysis of these issues by researchers and members of research ethics ... more

Quality of care in fragile, conflict-affected and vulnerable settings: tools and resources compendium recommended

Comparative effectiveness of different formats of psychological treatments for depressive disorder recommended

WASH and Health working together: a ‘how-to’ guide for neglected tropical disease programmes recommended

Guide to community engagement in WASH recommended

Quality of care in fragile, conflict-affected and vulnerable settings: tools and resources compendium
recommended

Comparative effectiveness of different formats of psychological treatments for depressive disorder
recommended

WASH and Health working together: a ‘how-to’ guide for neglected tropical disease programmes
recommended

Guide to community engagement in WASH
recommended