The AFOLU Carbon Calculator’s (www.afolucarbon.org) Grazing Management Tool estimates the GHG impacts of activities that attempt to reduce emissions through improved grassland management, changes in livestock management, and/or rewetting organic soils.
Six months in, the indirect impacts of COVID-19 take a toll on health, social and economic outcomes.
The webpage from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) focuses on the significant health impacts of air pollution in the Americas. It explains how exposure to air pollutants contributes to various health issues, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, leading to premature deaths. Th...e site highlights key sources of air pollution, such as vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and household energy use. PAHO emphasizes the need for effective public health policies, cross-sector collaboration, and sustainable practices to reduce pollution levels and protect public health in the region.
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The Urban Health Initiative promotes tools and guidance to assess the health impacts of air pollution and the health benefits of sustainable development in energy, transportation, land-use and waste.
Climate change, conflict, COVID-19, and gender inequality impacts food security globally. Together with the Ukraine conflict, the food crisis across the world is worsening. UN Women’s Zero Hunger Sustainable Development Goal Map shows that 49.7% of people are facing moderate or severe food insecur...ity in Guatemala, 45.6% in Honduras, and 32.7% in Ecuador. Increasing prices of energy, fertilizer, and agriculture inputs are also raising the prices of food and food production.
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Senegal’s substantial and sustained progress against malaria is an inspiring public health success story, and a source of potential lessons for other countries on the path to elimination. This case study describes three major success factors—(1) outstanding leadership and partner engagement, (2)... the achievement and maintenance of high intervention coverage levels, and (3) a thriving data culture—and explores several exciting new opportunities to consolidate and expand upon Senegal’s two decades of impact.
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Health care-associated infection (HCAI) places a serious disease burden and has a significant economic impact on patients and health-care systems throughout the world. Yet good hand hygiene, the simple task of cleaning hands at the right times and in the right way, can save lives. World Health O...rganization (WHO) has developed evidence-based WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care to support health-care facilities to improve hand hygiene and thus reduce HCAI.
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The long-term goal of AIDSFree is to improve the quality and effectiveness of high-impact, evidence-informed HIV and AIDS interventions. This semiannual performance report (SAPR) summarizes AIDSFree's achievements for the period October 1, 2015–March 31, 2016
The TB section of the toolkit presents selected (a) programmatic output and (b) outcome and impact indicators for TB. In addition to recommended monitoring programs and measuring the outcomes and impact of TB programs, indicators for the strengthening of health systems, strengthening of community sy...stems and some indicators that measure quality of services are also included.
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Zambia has recognised the Public Health threat of antimicrobial resistance and its impact on morbidity and mortality, as well as the subsequent economic consequences. The country has recorded microorganisms which have developed resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Notable among these are; Multidrug Re...sistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR), Human Immunodeficiency virus resistant to antiretroviral drugs, Plasmodium resistance to antimalarial drugs, and fungal species showing indications of resistance to antifungal drugs. Emergence of “Superbugs” such as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Extended Spectrum beta-lactam (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) have also been reported.
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Lessons and best practices in empowering pastoralist communities to prevent HIV infection and reduce the impact of AIDS in Ethiopia. Briefing Paper
The Defeat-NCD Partnership prioritises poorer countries because they bear the brunt of the enormous impact of NCDs with some 48% of premature deaths occurring in low and lower-middle income countries. The resident of a low-income country faces a lifetime chance of 20-30% of dying from an NCD under t...he age of 70; this is two-to-four-fold higher than the equivalent risk for a high-income country resident. Meanwhile, when poor countries start getting a little more prosperous, the prevalence of NCD risk factors tend to initially increase.
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Global Level
COVID-19: Vulnerability to containment measures (21/04/2020)
COVID-19: Government Measures: Impact on Displaced Populations (16/04/2020)
COVID-19: Scenarios + Comparison table (10/04/2020)
COVID-19: Government Measures Report (26/03/2020)
Silicosis is not a new disease; the impact of silica dust on respiratory function was observed by Hippocrates in 430 B.C. and in the 16th century by Agricol. In 1713, Rammazini described silicotic nodules in post-mortems of stone cutters presenting with respiratory symptoms. In the mid-late 1800s,... the introduction of mechanized tools in the mining sector rapidly increased levels of silica exposure, resulting in an increase in cases and our understanding of silicosis.
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The 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak was catastrophic in West Africa but the indirect impact of increasing the mortality rates of other conditions was also substantial. The increased number of deaths caused by malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis attributable to health system failures exceeded deaths from ...Ebola.
With a relatively limited COVID-19 caseload, health systems may have the capacity to maintain routine service delivery in addition to managing COVID-19 cases. When caseloads are high, and/or health workers are directly affected, strategic adaptations are required to ensure that increasingly limited resources provide maximum benefit for the refugees and surrounding host population. The following are key considerations for UNHCR operations on prioritized health care services in the event of a COVID-19 outbreak. These are based on WHO Guidance for Maintaining Essential Health Services and UNHCR guidance for operations and where relevant operation or site level outbreak preparedness and response plans.
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The webpage from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) discusses the global impact of diet on health, highlighting poor dietary habits as a major contributor to deaths worldwide, primarily through cardiovascular diseases. It emphasizes the health risks of high sodium intake and insu...fficient consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while advocating for dietary improvements to reduce disease burden and improve overall health.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) provides an overview of alcohol consumption and its global impact. Alcohol, containing ethanol, is a psychoactive and toxic substance that can lead to dependence. In 2019, alcohol consumption was responsible for approximately 2.6 million deaths worldwide, with 1.6... million resulting from noncommunicable diseases, 700,000 from injuries, and 300,000 from communicable diseases. Men accounted for the majority of these deaths, totaling 2 million, compared to 600,000 among women. Additionally, an estimated 400 million people aged 15 and older were living with alcohol use disorders in 2019.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) video titled "Preventing Disease Through Healthy Environments" highlights the significant impact of environmental factors on global health. It reports that in 2012, approximately 12.6 million deaths—nearly one in four worldwide—were attributable to unhealthy e...nvironments. The video emphasizes the importance of addressing environmental risks to prevent diseases and improve public health outcomes.
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The objectives of pertussis surveillance are to:hmonitor disease burden and the impact of the pertussis vaccination programme, with a special focus on understanding the morbidity and mortality in children < 5 years of agehgenerate data to inform vaccine schedule and delivery strategy decisions to op...timize the impact of vaccinationhdetect and guide public health response to outbreaks of pertussis
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Countries reported disruptions in all health-care settings. In more than half of countries surveyed, many people are still unable to access care at the primary care and community care levels. Significant disruptions have also been reported in emergency care, particularly concerning given the impact... on people with urgent health needs. Thirty-six per cent of countries reported disruptions to ambulance services; 32% to 24-hour emergency room services; and 23% to emergency surgeries.
Elective surgeries have also been disrupted in 59% of countries, which can have accumulating consequences on health and well-being as the pandemic continues. Disruptions to rehabilitative care and palliative care were also reported in around half of the countries surveyed.
Major barriers to health service recovery include pre-existing health systems issues which have been exacerbated by the pandemic as well as decreased demand for care.
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