There are many calls for improved integration between primary care and public health, but also sizeable obstacles to achieving this, such as differences in the ways the two sectors are organised and financed, as well as differences in education, culture and approach. This article, based on a new Observatory policy brief, describes the types of interventions that come into consideration, the principles that should be followed, and the factors that can facilitate successful collaboration. While there is no universal template that can be followed by all countries, improved integration promises to yield substantial benefits to patients and wider populations.