More than 13 million people in Syria need humanitarian assistance, 5.2 million acutely so. At least 6.2 million people have been displaced, many of them more than once. Two thirds of Syrians are living under the poverty line. In 2018, WHO monitored almost 1100 hospitals and health care centres throughout the country and delivered medicines and supplies to where they were needed most. We responded to outbreaks of acute diarrhoea and typhoid fever, hepatitis A, measles and vaccine-derived poliovirus.