Background paper 13
The Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response
May 2021
En 2015, murieron 5,9 millones de niños menores de cinco años (1). Las principales causas de muerte en los niños a nivel mundial son la neumonía, la prematuridad, las complicaciones durante el parto, la sepsis neonatal, las anomalías congénitas, las enfermedades diarreicas, las lesiones ...y la malaria (2). La mayoría de estas enfermedades y condiciones son provocadas al menos en parte por el medio ambiente.
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Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the second common cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounting for about 35% of all deaths, after a composite of communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases. Despite prior perception of low NCDs mortality rates, current evidence suggests t...hat SSA is now at the dawn of the epidemiological transition with contemporary double burden of disease from NCDs and communicable diseases. In SSA, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most frequent causes of NCDs deaths, responsible for approximately 13% of all deaths and 37% of all NCDs deaths. Although ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been identified as the leading cause of CVDs mortality in SSA followed by stroke and hypertensive heart disease from statistical models, real field data suggest IHD rates are still relatively low. The neglected endemic CVDs of SSA such as endomyocardial fibrosis and rheumatic heart disease as well as congenital heart diseases remain unconquered. While the underlying aetiology of heart failure among adults in high-income countries (HIC) is IHD, in SSA the leading causes are hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy, rheumatic heart disease, and congenital heart diseases. Of concern is the tendency of CVDs to occur at younger ages in SSA populations, approximately two decades earlier compared to HIC. Obstacles hampering primary and secondary prevention of CVDs in SSA include insufficient health care systems and infrastructure, scarcity of cardiac professionals, skewed budget allocation and disproportionate prioritization away from NCDs, high cost of cardiac treatments and interventions coupled with rarity of health insurance systems. This review gives an overview of the descriptive epidemiology of CVDs in SSA, while contrasting with the HIC and highlighting impediments to their management and making recommendations.
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Consultancy to take forward the International Health Partnership
Ce glossaire actualisé sur le paludisme vise à améliorer la communication et la compréhension mutuelle au sein de la communauté scientifique, ainsi qu'avec les organismes de financement, les responsables de la santé publique chargés des programmes de lutte contre le paludisme et les décideur...s des pays où le paludisme est endémique.
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English Analysis on Brazil about Health, Protection and Human Rights and Epidemic; published on 26 May 2021 by SSHAP
Staying safe in spite of a disaster. What can you do for your safety in the event of a disaster?
In spring 2013, after weeks of rain, whole areas of southern, eastern and northern Germany were beset by catastrophic floods. Settlements vanished in th...e floods up to the roofs of the houses, tens of thousands of emergency personnel and volunteers struggled against the water with sandbags. Villages and parts of towns had to be evacuated, and the citizens were only able to take the essentials with them.
Disasters are part of life. Almost every day, we can read about disasters and largescale emergencies in a variety of media and see the images of destruction and suffering. These are not just major disasters which affect large areas for a long time. Local torrential rain, a severe storm, an electric power breakdown resulting from such a storm, or a house fire can trigger a very personal disaster for each individual, each family, which has to be overcome. Take the time to contemplate your personal emergency planning.
This brochure aims to help you to develop your personal preparedness plan.
The brochure is also available in different languages: https://www.bbk.bund.de/DE/Service/Publikationen/Broschürenfaltblätter/Ratgeber_node.html
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There is no guarantee that a successful pilot program introducing a reproductive health innovation can also be expanded successfully to the national or regional level, because the scaling-up process is complex and multilayered. This article describes how a successful pilot program to integrate the S...tandard Days Method (SDM) of family planning into existing Ministry of Health services was scaled up nationally in Rwanda.
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Review
published: 12 August 2016 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00166
Frontiers in Public Health | www.frontiersin.org 1 August 2016 | Volume 4 | Article 166
Guide de formation à l’usage des paramédicaux
Le présent guide de formation sur la prise en charge globale des personnes vivant avec le VIH est désormais à la disposition des personnels paramédicaux, des écoles et structures de formation de ces personnels dans la région africaine franco...phone. Il a été conçu par des experts africains et français rompus à la formation et engagés depuis de nombreuses années dans la lutte contre le VIH. Il a été testé, amendé et corrigé par un collège de paramédicaux. Il allie clarté, simplicité et intègre l’ensemble des standards internationaux en matière de prise en charge globale, tout en restant proche des réalités concrètes de l’exercice professionnel sur le terrain africain. Il constitue, j’en suis convaincu, un outil de grande qualité au service des professionnels de santé paramédicaux et devrait s’imposer rapidement comme un référentiel francophone incontournable pour la prise en charge globale des personnes vivant avec le VIH.
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In resource restriced countries
Chaque année, des milliers d’enfants béninois meurent ou n’arrivent pas à développer pleinement leur potentiel physique ou intellectuel du fait de la malnutrition chronique. La présente politique du secteur de la santé pour la nutrition se focalise sur la mère, lenourrisson,... l’enfant et l’adolescent et prend en compte les résolutions du récent forum national organisé à Cotonoudu 11 au 13 juin 2015, par le Conseil National de l’Alimentation et de la Nutrition(CAN)sur la lutte contre la malnutrition chronique axée sur la fenêtre d’opportunité des 1000 premiers jours de la vie (allant de la conception à la fin de la deuxième année de vie). Elle se fonde sur les principes d’équité?d’éthique et de transparence dans la gestion des problèmes nutritionnels.Cette politique est l’œuvre de la Direction de la Santé de la Mère et de l’Enfant (DSME) avec le soutien technique et financier de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS). Elle servira au cours des dix prochaines années (2016-2025) d’orientation à tous les acteurset partenaires qui contribuent à l’amélioration de l’état nutritionnel des cibles visées.
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The escalation of the war in Ukraine began on 24 February 2022, causing thousands of civilian
casualties; destroying civilian infrastructure, including hospitals, and triggering the fastest-
growing displacement crisis in Europe since World War II. The demographic profile of Ukraine,
combined wit...h the implementation of martial law and conscription policies, led to an awareness
of gender- and age-related factors within the regional humanitarian response that recognised
the pre-crisis situation of persons of all genders and diversities and how the war and subsequent
regional crisis were compounding the risks that they face.
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The WHO COVID-19 Clinical management: living guidance contains the most up-to-date recommendations for the clinical management of people with COVID-19. Providing guidance that is comprehensive and holistic for the optimal care of COVID-19 patients throughout their entire illness is important.
Sepsis contributes significantly to preventable mortality and is the final common pathway to death for severe infectious diseases; it can also arise as a complication of injuries and non-communicable diseases.
Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme