the aid library

LIST OPTIONS

Filter

9692

Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

External Link

Communication toolkit to promote prudent antibiotic use aimed at primary care prescribers

European Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ECDC (2009) C2

The toolkit offers advice on how national public health authorities could engage with primary care prescribers so as to promote appropriate and responsible use of antibiotics. The toolkit contains template materials and some suggested key messages for health professionals, idea... more

Download (286)

View PDF (321)

EU Guidelines for the prudent use of antimicrobials in human health

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (2017) C_CDC

These Guidelines on prudent use of antimicrobials in human health are based on a technical report prepared by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) with input from EU Member States experts and stakeholders, which should be referred to for details of the methodology used in cr... more

Download (760)

View PDF (1399)

Public health management of persons having had contact with Ebola virus disease cases in the EU

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2014)

Download (279)

View PDF (552)

The Core Elements of Human Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in Resource-Limited Settings

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2018) C_CDC

Antibiotic stewardship refers to coordinated efforts and activities that seek to measure and improve use of antibiotics. Implementation of ASPs has demonstrated positive public health and clinical impacts including reducing costs, lengths of hospital stays, and the burden of antibiotic resistance wh... more

Download (176)

View PDF (390)

Comprehensive Hospital Preparedness Checklist for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2020) C_CDC

The following checklist can help hospitals assess and improve their preparedness for responding to a community-wide outbreak of COVID-19. Each hospital will need to adapt this checklist to meet its unique needs and circumstances. This checklist should be used as one of several tools for evaluating c... more

Download (380)

View PDF (498)

Roundtable on Hospital Communications in a Mass Casualty Radiological Event

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2003) C_CDC

On January 14-16, 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) held a communications roundtable in Atlanta, Georgia, to explore hospitals' challenges in communicating with internal and external audiences in communitywide emergencies involving radioactive materials. The roundtable, Hosp... more

Download (391)

View PDF (328)

Infórmese sobre la enfermedad tuberculosa

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2022) C_CDC

Quizás le hayan dicho recientemente que tiene la enfermedad de la TB. Puede que se sienta algo confundido; esto es normal. Usted está recibiendo mucha información nueva. Es posible que le sirva leer este folleto y enterarse de lo que dicen algunas personas como usted sobre la TB

Download (285)

View PDF (425)

Cardiac Rehabilitation Change Package

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2018) CC

This Cardiac Rehabilitation Change Package was completed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in collaboration with the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR) with the purpose of helping cardiac rehabilitation programs, hospital quality improv... more

Download (1253)

View PDF (1384)

Report National Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Survey, 2006-2007

National Center for TB and Leprosy Control (CENAT) , Cambodia (2011) CC

Download (470)

View PDF (951)

India: Training Module on HIV/Aids (Mainstreaming Cell NACO)

National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India (2014) C1

Download (323)

View PDF (436)

Seguir el tratamiento con los TB Tuberculosis medicamentos para la tuberculosis

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2022) C_CDC

Lea este folleto para informarse sobre la TB y lo que puede hacer para curarse. Colóquelo a mano para consultarlo y leerlo cuando tenga preguntas. Siga el tratamiento para curarse de la TB.

Download (483)

View PDF (725)

Guidelines on Quality Monitoring System for Outsourced Viral Load Tests

Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) (2018) C1

This document provides guidelines and tools for monitoring the quality of outsourced viral load test results in India, defining processes and procedures as well as quality indicators and a monitoring checklist for assuring quality of services. Annexes include reporting forms and checklists for monit... more

Download (564)

View PDF (880)

An emerging threat. Mosquito-borne diseases in Europe

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2016) C1

Download (764)

View PDF (1309)

Second National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey

National Center for TB and Leprosy Control, Cambodia Ministry of Health (2012) C1

Download (793)

View PDF (832)

Infection Prevention Checklist for Dental Settings

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; US Dept. of Health and Human Services (2016) C1

Basic Expectations for Safe Care

Download (379)

View PDF (563)

Improvised Nuclear Device (IND): Community Reception Center (CRC) Questionnaire Bank

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2016) C_CDC

Following a radiation incident such as an improvised nuclear device (IND) detonation, state and local response authorities will need to establish one or more population monitoring and decontamination facilities to assess people for radioactive exposure, contamination, and the need for decontamin... more

Download (582)

View PDF (517)

Geographical distribution of areas with a high prevalence of HTLV-1 infection

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (2015) C1

ECDC Technical Report
In line with ECDC’s recommendations provided in the ’Risk Assessment of HTLV-1/2 transmission by tissue/cell transplantation’ dated 14 March 2012, this Directive replaces the term ‘incidence’ with ‘prevalence’ in the description of endemic areas of HTLV-1/2 i... more

Download (662)

View PDF (927)

Care of the HIV-Exposed Infant

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2018) C1

This clinical job aid addresses the importance of maternal health and antiretroviral therapy adherence, as well as care and testing for the HIV-exposed infant until the infant’s final HIV diagnosis after the end of breastfeeding.