Hendra virus (HeV) continues to pose a serious public health concern as spillover events occur sporadically. Terminally ill horses can exhibit a range of clinical signs including frothy nasal discharge, ataxia or forebrain signs. Early signs, if detected, can include depression, inappetence, colic o...r mild respiratory signs. All unvaccinated ill horses in areas where flying foxes exist, may potentially be infected with HeV, posing a significant risk to the veterinary community. Equivac® HeV vaccine has been fully registered in Australia since 2015 (and under an Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority special permit since 2012) for immunization of horses against HeV and is the most effective and direct solution to prevent disease transmission to horses and protect humans. No HeV vaccinated horse has tested positive for HeV infection. There is no registered vaccine to prevent, or therapeutics to treat, HeV infection in humans. Previous equine HeV outbreaks tended to cluster in winter overlapping with the foaling season (August to December), when veterinarians and horse owners have frequent close contact with horses and their bodily fluids, increasing the chance of zoonotic disease transmission. The most southerly case was detected in 2019 in the Upper Hunter region in New South Wales, which is Australia's Thoroughbred horse breeding capital. Future spillover events are predicted to move further south and inland in Queensland and New South Wales, aligning with the moving distribution of the main reservoir hosts. Here we (1) review HeV epidemiology and climate change predicted infection dynamics, (2) present a biosecurity protocol for veterinary clinics and hospitals to adopt, and (3) describe diagnostic tests currently available and those under development. Major knowledge and research gaps have been identified, including evaluation of vaccine efficacy in foals to assess current vaccination protocol recommendations.
more
Trastornos de ansiedad
Capítulo F.4
Editor: Daniel Martínez, Matías Irarrázaval
Traducido por Beatriz Garcia Parreño, Nieves Hermosín Carpio, Sandra Alonso Bada
Lancet Infect Dis 2020 Published Online May 5, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1473-3099(20)30254-1
As pandemias virais costumam representar sérias ameaças ao equilíbrio dos sistemas de saúde, ao impor-lhes demandas extraor-dinárias e sustentadas, que podem ultrapassar a capacidade de atendimento, no que diz respeito tanto aos insumos e às tecnologias disponíveis, quanto aos recurs...os humanos/profissionais capacitados. Trazem o enorme desafio de equilibrar igualdade entre as pessoas e equidade na distribuição de riscos e benefícios entre elas.
Diante desse cenário de casos cada vez mais frequentes de COVID-19 na
população, surge a premente necessidade de se avaliarem as melhores práticas para a otimização da utilização dos meios e recursos disponíveis. Dessa forma, considerando o iminente risco de indisponibilidade de leitos de terapia intensiva e respiradores para todos os indivíduos, acometidos ou não pela doença, torna-se fundamental estabelecer critérios clínicos, técnicos e éticos, para a melhor utilização dos mesmos, para se conseguir otimizar resultado e gerar o maior benefício possível.
more
Public Health Action
vol 5 no 3 published 21 september 2015
Informe sobre poblicationes clave.
Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease among school-going adolescents worldwide. However, the burden of severe asthma is highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to explore teachers’ perceptions of asthma care across six African countries. We conducted focus group discussions... (FGDs) using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. FGDs were conducted in Kumasi(Ghana), Blantyre (Malawi), Lagos (Nigeria), Durban (South Africa), Kampala (Uganda), and Harare (Zimbabwe) between 01 November 2020 and 30 June 2021. We identified two key themes related to asthma care; barriers to asthma care and suggestions to improve the care of adolescents with asthma. Barriers reported by teachers included a lack of knowledge and skills among themselves, adolescents, and caregivers. In addition, some traditional beliefs of teachers on asthma exacerbated challenges with asthma care in schools. Regarding suggestions, most teachers identified a need for all-inclusive asthma training programmes for teachers, adolescents and caregivers, focusing on acute episodes and mitigating triggers. Utilising teachers with personal experiences with asthma to advocate and support these initiatives was suggested. Further suggestions included the need for annual screening to enable early identification of adolescents with asthma and clarify restrictions on teachers administering asthma medications. Teachers across African schools identify multiple barriers to asthma care. Structured school education programs and annual asthma screening are key to addressing some barriers to care.
more
Special issue: Mental Health Challenges in Lithuania
Nos. 1-2 '11
Rev. Panam Salud Publica. 2017;41:e153. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2017.153
Worldwide, over 6 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the pathogen that causes Chagas disease (CD). In the Americas, CD creates the greatest burden in disability-adjusted life years of any parasitic infection. In Co...lombia, 437 000 people are infected with T. cruzi, of whom 131 000 suffer from cardiomyopathy. Colombia’s annual costs for treating patients with advanced CD reach US$ 175 016 000. Although timely etiological treatment can significantly delay or prevent development of cardiomyopathy—and costs just US$ 30 per patient—fewer than 1% of people with CD in Colombia and elsewhere receive it.
more
Informe sobre poblaciones clave.
Trabajando con grupos de madres y padres – un recurso de capacitación para facilitadores, madres y padres, cuidadores, y personas con parálisis cerebral
International Development vol. 11. DOI 10.4073/csr.2015.15
MEDICINA (Buenos Aires) 2020; Vol. 80 (Supl. VI): 100-10;
La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica endémica en la República Argentina causada por Mycobacterium tuberculosis, cuya localización más frecuente es la pulmonar. Suele afectar grupos poblacionales carenciados y tiene gran... repercusión sobre la salud pública. COVID-19 es una infección viral aguda caus 101-ada por SARS-CoV-2 que tiene típico compromiso respiratorio y, en ocasiones, puede presentar similitudes clínicas y radiológicas con la tuberculosis pulmonar. Ambas entidades pueden tener desenlace fatal si no son diagnosticadas y tratadas a tiempo. Presentamos una serie de casos en los que se diagnosticó tuberculosis pulmonar y COVID-19 en forma simultánea.
more
Informe sobre poplaciones clave.
4ª edição .
O objectivo deste Manual é proporcionar ferramentas padronizadas de saúde pública para a implementação de acções de prevenção, controlo e resposta a um surto de cólera e assim contribuir para a redução da morbimortalidade por esta doença.
Estas diretrizes são destinada...s a todos os profissionais de saúde que têm a responsabilidade de lidar com a cólera desde o nível nacional, as províncias e distritos, até ao nível de unidade sanitária. Inclusivamente, também é destinado as organizações não-governamentais e outros parceiros que apoiam o país nas actividades de resposta contra a cólera, e devem ser usadas para apoiar a elaboração de planos de preparação para a prevenção, controle e de resposta a uma epidemia de cólera.
more
El Protocolo y guía operativa para el retorno seguro a instituciones educativas del Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia de Paraguay para 2021 recoge experiencias desarrolladas en diversos países y recomendaciones de expertos y se estructura en dos apartados principales. El primero presenta un protoc...olo general que desarrolla temas como el alcance, los principios rectores, los antecedentes, y los equipos de trabajo que deben conformarse para el retorno seguro a las aulas. El segundo apartado define los aspectos operativos de la vuelta a clases, ofreciendo información detallada acerca de la distribución del espacio físico en los centros educativos, la organización de los grupos de docentes y estudiantes, y las reglas de convivencia que permitirán una permanencia segura en el recinto educativo.
more
Actual. Sida Infectol. || Fundación Huésped - Sociedad Argentina de Infectología || ISSN 2718-7845