the aid library

LIST OPTIONS

Filter

6663

Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

Download (167)

View PDF (212)

Involving Persons Living with HIV Networks in National HIV Policy Dialogue A Case Study of MANET+ in Malawi

M. L. Mattingly; A. G. Yemaneberhan; S. Feller; et al. USAID; PEPFAR; AIDS Free (Strenghtening High Impact Interventions for a AIDS-free Generation); JSI Research & Training Institute; et al. (2016) C2

AIDSFree Case study series This publication is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of Cooperative Agreement AID-OAA-A-14-00046... more

Download (226)

View PDF (323)

Behavioral Surveillance Survey Among Youth Aged 15 - 24 Years Rwanda - 2009

Ministry of Health, Rwanda & Rwanda Biomedical Centre (2010) C2

This report documents the findings from the Behavioral Surveillance Survey conducted among youuth aged 15-24 in Rwanda in 2009. The 2009 Youth BSS documented HIV knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) among youth in Rwanda. The data provided a cross-sectional look at the current HIV KAB among yo... more

Download (216)

View PDF (372)

Risk Assessment Roadmap, Myanmar

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement (MSWRR), Relief and Resettlement Department (RRD) (2015) C1

The need for a roadmap for risk assessment stemmed from the lack of standardised and systematic effort to national risk assessment effort to date. The road map details the process, activities necessary for each step and the availability and accessibility of technical and financial resources, and coo... more

Download (456)

View PDF (739)

Comprehensive Literature Review on Village Based Health Workers in Myanmar: Extending Services to Communities

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports (2017) C1

The main goal of the National Health Plan (NHP) 2017-2021 is to extend access to a basic Essential Package of Health Services (EPHS) to the entire population while increasing financial protection. In order to extend service delivery to all communities, the NHP calls for all health workers (whether c... more

Download (213)

View PDF (223)

A guide to implementing the One Health Joint Plan of Action at national level
recommended

World Health Organization WHO; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO; UN UN Environment Programme UNEP; World Organisation for Animal Health WOAH (2023) C_WHO

The guide to implementing the One Health Joint Plan of Action (OH JPA) at national level provides practical guidance on how countries can adopt and adapt the OH JPA to strengthen and support national One Health action. Building on the OH JPA theory of change, this guide describes three pathways a... more

Download (824)

View PDF (1185)

Antimicrobial resistance

World Health Organization; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2016) C_WHO

A manual for developing national action plans.This manual for developing national action plans to address antimicrobial resistance has been developed at the request of the World Health Assembly to assist countries in the initial phase of developing new, or refining existing national action plans in ... more

Download (298)

View PDF (468)

Myanmar’s National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to Climate Change

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, National Environmental Conservation Committee (2012) C1

Sectors in which Priority Adaptation Projects should be implemented first include:
- 1) Agriculture, Early Warning Systems and Forest (First Priority Level Sectors). This is followed by:
- 2) Public Health and Water Resources (Second Priority Level Sectors);
- 3) Coastal Zone (Thir... more

Download (700)

View PDF (1576)

Delivering quality health services: A global imperative for universal health coverage

Kieny, Marie-Paule; Evans, Timothy Grant; Scarpetta, Stefano; Kelley, Edward T.; Klazinga, Niek; Forde, Ian; Veillard, Jeremy Henri Maurice; Leatherman, Sheila; Syed, Shamsuzzoha; Kim, Sun Mean; Nejad, Sepideh Bagheri; Donaldson, Liam World Health Organization (WHO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and The World Bank (2018) C_WHO

Poor quality health services are holding back progress on improving health in countries at all income levels.
Today, inaccurate diagnosis, medication errors, inappropriate or unnecessary treatment, inadequate or unsafe clinical facilities or practices, or providers who lack adequate training an... more

Download (219)

View PDF (296)

MAKING IT HAPPEN: Examples of good practice in SPECIAL NEEDS EDUCATION & COMMUNITY-BASED PROGRAMMES

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (1993)

This monograph presents 12 reports of successful programs serving children with special needs in various nations. The program locations and the program report titles and authors are as follows: (1) Austria: "Integration Models for Elementary and Secondary Schools in Austria" (Volker Rutte)... more

Download (955)

View PDF (608)

Self-Directed M&E Learning Workbook 2: Doing the “M” of M & E

Ministry of Health & Ministry of Local Government, Gabarone, Botswana (2011) C2

District Level M & E Training and Reference Material for Primary Health Care Programmes

Download (921)

View PDF (562)

Self-Directed M&E Learning Workbook 1: An Orientation to District-Level Monitoring & Evaluation Duties

Ministry of Health & Ministry of Local Government, Gabarone, Botswana (2011) C2

District Level M & E Training and Reference Material for Primary Health Care Programmes

Download (1371)

View PDF (505)

Self-Directed M&E Learning Workbook 3: Doing the “E” of M & E

Ministry of Health & Ministry of Local Government, Gabarone, Botswana (2011) C2

District Level M & E Training and Reference Material for Primary Health Care Programmes

Download (308)

View PDF (307)

Atlas of Palliative Care in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Osman, H.; A. Rihan; E. Garralda, et al. BALSAM; ICS; Atlantes (2020) C_WHO

The Atlas of Palliative Care in the Eastern Mediterranean Region is the first systematic attempt to assess the status of resources, activities, and needs of palliative care in the region. It provides a comparative picture of the current state of palliative care in simple and clear graphics, utilisin... more

Download (213)

View PDF (302)

J11. The practice of child mental health nurses

Kathleen R Delaney, Janice L. Cooper & Sylvia Nshemerewire IACAPAP (2015) C1

This publication is intended for professionals training or practicing in mental health and not for the general public. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Editor or IACAPAP. This publication seeks to describe the best treatments and pra... more

Download (528)

View PDF (824)

Operational Guidelines for ART Centers India

National AIDSControl (NACO), Government of India; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (2012) C1

The resources provide both the older as well as the updated Operational Guidelines for antiretroviral therapy centres, including administrative issues, functions and establishment of centres, reporting and recording tools, measures to improve retention in HIV care, supply chain management of drugs a... more

Download (214)

View PDF (211)

Communicating with health workers aboutCOVID-19 vaccination

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe (2021) CC

This training module is designed to equip HWs with knowledge and communication skills to build their confidence and support them in their ability to promote acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among other HWs.

Download (1961)

View PDF (4175)

Infant Feeding in Emergencies Module 2
recommended

ENN; IBFAN-GIFA, Fondation Terre des hommes, et al. ENN (2007)

for health and nutrition workers in emergency situations for training, practice and reference

Download (185)

View PDF (245)

Key considerations for the use of law to prevent noncommunicable diseases in the WHO European Region

World Health OrganizationEurope World Health OrganizationEurope (2017) C_WHO

Report of an intensive legal training and capacity-building workshop on law and noncommunicable diseases (Moscow, 30 May–3 June 2016) The report summarizes important issues, themes and topics discussed during the meeting in Moscow, ranging from the design and implementation of legislation, reconc... more

Download (118)

View PDF (140)

Responding to Violence against Key Populations to Promote Access to HIV Services

NASCOP (2016) C1

Training Manual and Reference Guide

A guide to implementing the One Health Joint Plan of Action at national level recommended

Infant Feeding in Emergencies Module 2 recommended

A guide to implementing the One Health Joint Plan of Action at national level
recommended

Infant Feeding in Emergencies Module 2
recommended