JMIR Publication Advancing Digital Health and Open Science
1
Johanniter International
1
Johansson, Emily White
1
John Hopkins Bloomberg University
1
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
1
Joint HIV, TB and PMTCT Review Steering committee
1
Jolliffe, Kim
1
Joseph McCord, Emily Bancroft and Jessica Crawford
1
Journal of the International AIDS Society
1
JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc., and Management Sciences for Health
1
Juga, E.
1
Juodkaite D.
1
K. Doerholt
1
K. Geffert, F. Hommes and N. Bonilla-Perez
1
K. Greenaway
1
K.Kar and R. Chambers
1
Kalibala Samuel, Nrupa Jani and Getachew Kassa
1
Kallander, K.
1
Kaloti R., R. Kafri, H. Meghari
1
Karen LeBan , Maryse Kok and Henry B. Perry
1
Karin Hatzold
1
Kasipo, Charles
1
Kelley, Edward T.
1
Kendall, Tamil
1
Kenya MInistry of Health, Community Development, Elderly and Children
1
Kieny, Marie-Paule
1
Kilimanjaro Centre for Community Ophthalmology KCCO
1
Kim, Sun Mean
1
Kirakoya-Samadoulougou F., K. Jean, M. Maheu-Giroux
1
Klazinga, Niek
1
Krause, S.
1
Kwami Afutu
1
L. Fairlie
1
L. G. Johnston
1
L. Jankelowitz
1
L. Oseni
1
L. Telisinghe, K. L. Fielding, J. L. Malden, et al.
1
Lakhbir Dhaliwal, Vanita Suri, Reshmi Bagga et al.
1
Lambert, V.
1
Lamunu M, Lutwama J.J, Kamugisha J
1
LaRocque, R.
1
Latvian Centre for Human Rights
1
Lauren Miller
1
Layaye, D.
1
Leatherman, Sheila
1
Legalife-Ukraine
1
Leon-Velarde, F.
1
Lesotho National AIDS Commission, Government of Lesotho
1
Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services (LISGIS) Monrovia, Liberia
1
LIiang T., H. Cai Hongliu, Y. Chen et al.
1
Lode, H.
1
Lok Swasthya SEWA Trust and World Health Organization WHO India
1
Longo J. de Dieu
1
Loua, A.
1
López, L.
1
LSHTM
1
Lutherahjalpen/Church of Sweden
1
Luwabelwa, M.
1
M. Fritzsche
1
M. Kontio
1
M. Mansfeld
1
M. Mireku,M. Kiruki, R. McCollum, et al.
1
M. Prescott, C. Boeke, T. Gotora, et al.
1
M. Ristola
1
M. S. Razai
1
M. Semrau
1
M. Smelyanskaya, C. Daniels, et al.
1
M. Smelyanskaya, J. Duncan
1
M. Smelyanskaya, J. Duncan (The Focus Group Consulting)
1
M.J. Choi
1
M.Johnson
1
M.Lyman, M.J. Stucke, et al.
1
M.Sarr Diouf, A.H. Diop et. al.
1
M.Shukla, K. Johnson Lassner et. al.
1
Machalaba, C.
1
Macro International Inc., USA
1
Magagula, Samuel V.
1
Makatjane, T. J., T. Hlabana, and E. M. Letete
1
Malaria Consortium South Sudan
1
Malawi Ministry of Health
1
Management sciences for health (MSH)
1
Manjula Marella
1
Maria Faurholt-Jepsen, Michael Bauer and Lars Vedel Kessing
1
Mary Keogh, Monika Brenes, Priska Gronenberg et al.
1
Mary Nambao, Wezi Kaonga, Yusuf Ahmed, et al.
1
Maternal & Childhealth Advocacy International (MCAI) , Advanced Life Support Group (ALSG)
1
Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program, US Aid du peuple americain
1
Maternity foundation
1
Mazigo, H.
1
MEDBOX Team
1
Medecins Sans Frontieres
1
Medina-Rincón, G.
1
Mediscript Ltd
1
Mehtonen, J.
1
Melanie Duncan, et al.
1
Melissa Leach
1
Mental Health Program
1
Mercer, E
1
Médecins Sans Frontière
1
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)
1
Médecins Sans Frontières MFS
1
mHealth Kenya
1
Michelle Davis
1
Minh D Pham
1
MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE L’HYGIENE PUBLIQUE REPUBLIQUE DU MALI
1
Ministerul sănătăţii al republicii Moldova
1
Ministère de la Santé Burkina Faso
1
Ministère de la santé et de l'action sociale, Programme National de Lutte contre la Tuberculose
1
Ministère de la Santé et de l’Action Sociale - Direction Générale de la Santé Direction de la Santé de la Reproduction et de la Survie de l’Enfant - Republique du Sénégal
1
Ministère de la Santé Publilque, Repubique Democratique du Congo,
1
Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Haiti
1
Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, UNFPA
1
Ministère de la Santé Publique, de la Population et de la Lutte contre le SIDA,République Centraficaine
1
Ministère de la Santé Publique, Republique Démocratique du Congo
1
Ministère de la Santé Senegal
1
Ministère de la Santé, Burkina Faso
1
Ministère de la Santé, Direction Nationale de la Protection Sanitaire Bénin
1
Ministère de la Santé, République Bénin
1
Ministério da Saúde, Brazil
1
Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, Uganda
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), World Health Organization WHO
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Goverment of India
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India, et al.
1
Ministry of Health & Social Welfare India
1
Ministry of Health (MoH), Malawi and ICF International
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS), UNAIDS
1
Ministry of Health and Social Services, Namibia
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Government of India
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Republic of Liberia
1
Ministry of Health Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health Malawi
1
Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia
1
Ministry of Health Uganda
1
Ministry of Health, Central Statistics Office, PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa, et al.
1
Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children
1
Ministry of Health, Demographic Republic of the Congo
1
Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana
1
Ministry of Health, Ghana
1
Ministry of Health, Ghana, World Health Organizaiotn (WHO) and Ghana Health Service
1
Ministry of Health, Liberia
1
Ministry of Health, Liberia, World Health Organization (WHO), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
1
Ministry of Health, National Malaria Control Programme
1
Ministry of Health, Pakistan
1
Ministry of Health, Rwanda & Rwanda Biomedical Centre
1
Ministry of Health, South Africa
1
Ministry of Health, Tanzania
1
Ministry of Health, Zambia, et al.
1
Ministry of Health. The Goverment of the Kingdom of Swaziland
1
Ministry of Law and Justice, India
1
Ministry of Medical Services and Ministry of Public Health & Sanitation, Republic of Kenya
1
Ministry of Public Health, Afghanistan
1
Ministry of Public Health, Quatar
1
Mission Rabies
1
Mitra and Associates Dhaka
1
Modi, D., N. Dholakia, R. Gopalan, et al.
1
Molly J Ryan, Tamara Giles-Vernick, Janice E Graham
1
Montelongo, A.
1
Moriana, S.
1
MSF Access Campaign
1
MSF South Africa and Lesotho
1
MSMGF
1
Msomi, N.
1
Mukhtar A Adeiza, Abdullah A Abba, Juliana U Okpapi
1
Munro, Leonie
1
Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports
1
N. Abera, T. Saballa, et al.
1
N. Ait-Khaled, D. Enarson
1
N. Chowdhary, H. Dabholkar
1
N. G. Guerra
1
N. Metrebian
1
N. Thomson
1
N.Nortey Hanson-Nortey
1
NACO
1
National Academy of Medical Sciences
1
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Abuja Nigeria
1
National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National Centre for AIDS and STD Control
1
National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC)
1
National Council on Disability Affairs (NCDA)
1
National de Lutte Contre le Sida (CNLS)
1
National Department of Health (NDoH), Statistics South Africa (Stats SA), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), and ICF
1
National Department of Health, Republic of South Africa
1
National Grassroots and Disabilities Organization (NGDO), National Council for Women with Disabilities (NCDW), Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)
1
National Health Mission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National HIV/AIDS/STI/TB Council
1
National HIVAIDS Council Zambia
1
National Institute of Population Research and Training Dhaka
1
National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Rwanda], and ICF International
1
National Institute of Statistics, Directorate General for Health, and ICF Macro
1
National Institutes of Health
1
National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Nairobi, Kenya, and ICF International
1
National TB Control Programme, Bangladesh
1
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Government of India
1
Nauta, M. H.
1
Neil M Ferguson, Daniel Laydon, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Natsuko Imai, Kylie Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Sangeeta Bhatia, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Zulma Cucunubá, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Ilaria Dorigatti, Han Fu, Katy Gaythorpe, Will Green, Arran Hamlet, Wes Hinsley, Lucy C Okell, Sabine van Elsland, Hayley Thompson, Robert Verity, Erik Volz, Haowei Wang, Yuanrong Wang, Patrick GT Walker, Caroline Walters, Peter Winskill, Charles Whittaker, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Azra C Ghani.
1
Nejad, Sepideh Bagheri
1
Nikolaos Mastellos, Tammy Tran, Kanika Dharmayat et al.
1
Nilar Tin et al.
1
Norwegian Church Aid and Presbyterian Disasters Assistance
1
Nuffield Department of Medicine
1
Nutrition Cluster South Sudan
1
Obiezue, RN.
1
OCHA Services reliefweb
1
ODI
1
ODI_ Humanitarian Policy Group
1
OECD
1
Okoye, CI.
1
Olivia Tiberi
1
Olney, Jack J.
1
One Million Community Health Workers Campaign | mPowering Frontline Health Workers
1
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS, DR Congo
1
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS, Ministère de la Santé, DR Congo
1
Oritz, G.
1
Ozioko ,KU.
1
O’Sullivan BG., Chater AB, Bingham A., et al.
1
P. De Castro
1
P. Delchevalerie
1
P. Fritsch
1
P. K. Maulik
1
P. M. Kelly
1
P. Thorn
1
Paciaroni, M.
1
Palale M.
1
Pan American Health Organisation
1
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
1
Pan American Health Organization PAHO, World Health Organization WHO
1
Pan American Journal of Public Health
1
Partenariats africains pour la sécurité des patients (APPS)
Paul Roddy, Natasha Howard, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, et al.
1
Pedro Alonso, Kevin Baird, David Brandling-Bennett et al.
1
Perez Calderon, Luis Jorge
1
Peter G. Smith, Richard H. Morrow, and David A. Ross
1
Pharmaceuticals and Supply Agency
1
Pharmacy and Poisons Board, Ministry of Health, Kenya
1
Pharmacy Board Sierra Leone
1
Phone Myint
1
Physicians for Human Rights
1
Plan International and Institute of Development Studies IDS
1
Plateforme Prévention Sida
1
PLOS Neclected Tropical Diseases
1
PLoS Medicine
1
PNG
1
Poe Poe Aung
1
Pohlig G, Bernhard SC, Blum J, Burri C, Mpanya A, et al.
1
Polio Global Eradication Intiative
1
Positive Women
1
President’s Malaria Initiative, CDC, MCHIP, MCSP
1
Program for Appropriate Technology in Health PATH
1
Programme National de lutte contre la Tuberculose (PNT) - Sénégal
1
Programme national de lutte contre la tuberculose - Sénégal
1
Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP)
1
Programme National de Lutte contre le VIH
1
Programme National des Comptes de la santé (PNCNS), Ministère de la Santé Publique RDC
1
Programme National Multisectoriel de Lutte contre le Sida (PNMLS), RD Congo
1
Publications Office
1
Publisher: National Academic Press
1
R. Baggaley et al.
1
R. Bucciardini
1
R. Clarke
1
R. Elovich
1
R. Lessells, K. Mlisana and T. de Oliveira
1
R. Muloiwa
1
R. Velleman, et al.
1
R.M.
1
R.S. Stephenson
1
R4V
1
Radcliffe
1
Rahul Shidhaye
1
RAV
1
ReAct
1
Rebecca Holmes
1
Refugees International (RI)
1
Regional Office Africa
1
Regional Office for Europe
1
Reliefweb OCHA
1
Renuka Bery, Sophie Boisson, Lizette Burgers et al.
1
Republic of Libria, National AIDS Commission (NAC)
1
Republic of Rwanda & Commission Nationale de lutte contre le SIDA (CNLS)
1
Republic of South Sudan
1
Republic of the Gambia, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, National Leprosy
1
REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO, PRESIDENCE DE LA REPUBLIQUE
1
ResearchGate
1
Respuesta a Venezolanos
1
Restless Development
1
République Démocratique du Congo, Ministere de la Sante, Programme national de lutte contre le SIDA & IST (PNLS)
1
République Démocratique du Congo, Province du Kwilu
1
République du Sénégal, Ministère de la Santé et de l'Action sociale, Centre des Opérations d'Urgence Sanitaire
1
République togolaise, Ministère de la Santé et de la Protection Sociale
1
République Tunienne - Ministére de la santé
1
Right to Care (Training Health Seriously)
1
Robert-Koch-Institut
1
Robertson A., Malan A., Greenfield D.
1
Robin G. and J. Balbus
1
Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF International
1
Rose Zulliger
1
Royal Pharmaceutical Society, etal.
1
Rwanda Biomedical Center - Institute of HIV
1
S. A. Madhi
1
S. Andersson, A. Heaton, et al.
1
S. Caffe
1
S. Chauwa Phiri, M.Lippitt Prust, C. Phiri Chibawe, et al.
1
S. Chynoweth, D. Quick et al.
1
S. I. Ngulde
1
S. K. Dlamini
1
S. Ladhani
1
S. Meek, M. Rowland, and M. Connolly
1
S.B. Calderwood and A.Bloom
1
S.Kinloch-de Loës, et al.
1
S.M. Graham et al
1
SAfAIDS, Alliance Zambia
1
Safe Male Circumcision
1
Saimiento, Juan Pablo et al.
1
Sambou, B.
1
Sanson, A.
1
Saori Ohkubo, Tara M. Sullivan, Sarah V. Harlan, Barbara K. Timmons, Molly Strachan
1
Sara Pantuliano
1
Sarah Frost, Chapal Khasnabis, Kylie Mines, and Lourdes de la Peza
1
Sarah Frost, Kylie Mines, Jamie Noon, Elsje Scheffler, and Rebecca Jackson Stoeckle
1
Sasser S,Varghese M, Kellermann A, Lormand JD.
1
Save the Children andJohn Hopkins Center for Communication Programs
1
Scarpetta, Stefano
1
Schijmann, A.G.
1
Schweizerisches Rotes Kreuz
1
See text
1
Sharon Alane Abramowitz, et al.
1
Sheena Posey Norris, Erin Hammers Forstag, and Bruce M. Altevogt
1
Sheila Nainan Myatra, Naveen Salins, Shivakumar Iyer, et al.
1
Sider, R. , Buswell, M. , Al Salman, M. et al.
1
SINTEF Technology and Society
1
SIT G aduate Ins titute/SIT Study Abroad
1
Slama, S.
1
Soka, M.J.
1
Solidarités International
1
SOUTH AFRICAN ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMME (SAASP)
1
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine
1
Sphere
1
Spigel, Lauren
1
Springer Science+Business Media
1
Stemmet, C.L.
1
STEPS Centre, Institute of Development Studies
1
Strategic Executive Group and Partners
1
STRIVE
1
Susanne Jaspars and Hisham Khogali
1
Svitanok
1
Syed, Shamsuzzoha
1
Syrian American Medical Society
1
T. Boyles, M. Mendelson
1
T. Groshkova
1
T. Rhodes
1
T. Z. Ting Fang
1
Takarinda, Kudakwashe C., Lydia K. Madyira, Mutsa Mhangara, Victor Makaza, Memory Maphosa, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, Peter H. Kilmarx, Tsitsi Mutasa-Apollo, Getrude Ncube, and Anthony D. Harries
1
Tambo, Ernest
1
Tanzania Diabetes Association
1
Tapash Roy et al.
1
Teklemariam M., Assefa A., Kassa M., et al.
1
Than Tun Sein
1
The Asia Foundation
1
The Carter Center
1
The Center for Health Market Innovations.
1
The DHS Program
1
The DHS Program ICF
1
The DHS Program ICF International
1
The Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Federal Ministry of Health Ethiopia
1
The Focus Group Consulting
1
The Georg Institute for Global Health India
1
The Government of Malawi
1
the Government of Sierra Leone, the Medical Research Centre, the University of Sierra Leone, the Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Text to Change, and MannionDaniels
1
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC
1
The Johns Hopkins Center for Humanitarian Healt
1
The Journal of Global Health
1
The Kenya Mentor Mother Program
1
The Lancet Regional Health - Americas
1
The MEDBOX Team
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports, Department of Health
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports, Department of Medical Research, Department of Public Health, Department of Medical Care, UNFPA
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports, Department of Public Health, Child Health Division
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health, Department of Health, Child Health Division
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement (MSWRR), Ministry of Health
1
The World Bank
1
Thomas Joseph, Nathalie Likhite, Lana Syed et al.
1
Tigrey Health Bureau
1
Torres, A.
1
Treatment Action Group
1
TUN, Waimar, et al.
1
UCL
1
Uganda Bureau of Statistcs (UBOS) and ICF
1
UN
1
UN Children´s Fund
1
UN Children's Fund
1
UN Country Team in Papua New Guinea
1
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
1
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA
1
UN RC Malawi
1
UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East UNRWA
1
UN Women (United Nations for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women)
1
UN Women, UNFPA
1
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)
1
UNAIDS | GAMET
1
UNCT
1
UNCT Malawi
1
UNFPA East and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO)
1
UNFPA Togo
1
UNHR
1
UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Region
1
UNICEF Uganda
1
Union Internationale Contra la Tuberculose et les Maladies Respiratoires
1
Union Internationale Contre la Tuberculose et les Maladies Respiratoires
1
Union Internationale Contre la Tuberculose et les Maladies Respiratoires (L’Union)
1
Unitaid (Innovation in Global Health)
1
United National Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
1
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) & World Health Organisation (WHO)
1
United Nations Children’s Fund UNICEF
1
United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS)
1
United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
1
United States Agency for International Development
1
United States Department of Health and Human Services
1
Université Lille
1
University of Copenhagen
1
University of Malawi
1
University of Malawi , et al.
1
University of Pretoria
1
University of Southern Denmark
1
University Teaching Hospital,
1
UNOPS, Stop TB Partnership et al.
1
UNSDG
1
Uppsala Universitet
1
UpToDate
1
US Department of Homeland Security, US Department of Health and Human Services
1
US Dept. of Health and Human Services
1
US Embassy Freetown
1
USAID (From the American People)
1
USAID (U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief)
1
USAID Deliver Project
1
USAID, FHI360, VALID, et al.
1
USAID, GHKC
1
USAID, JSI Research and Training Institute, fhi
1
USAID, MCHIP
1
USAID, SPRING
1
V. Cambiano
1
V. Fragola
1
V. Martsynovska
1
V. Patel
1
Valerie Karr et al.
1
Van Dijck C., Vlieghe E., Cox J.A.
1
Vaughan, P.
1
Veillard, Jeremy Henri Maurice
1
Vigaud-Walsh, Francisca
1
Ville de Goyet, Claude de
1
Villella, Christina
1
Vitillo, B.
1
Vriesendorp, S.
1
Wambugu, Samuel
1
Wang, Wenjuan, Gheda Temsah, and Emily Carter
1
War Trauma Foundation
1
Wardlaw, Tessa M.
1
WASH Cluster
1
Washington, DC : Futures Group, Health Policy Project
1
Wasserman, S.
1
Welburn S. C., Beange I. et al
1
WHO and ANESVAD Foundation
1
WHO, Ministry of Health, Uganda
1
WHO, USAID, UNICEF
1
Wieland B., Flintan F., et al.
1
Women's Refugee Commission, IAWG
1
Word Health Organization/ Regional Office of South-East Asia
1
World Bank
1
World Diabetes Foundation
1
World Food Programme (WFP)
1
World Health Organization (Regional Office for South-East-Asia)
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Country Office for Myanmar
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Kenya Country Office
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Ministry of Health, DR Congo
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and The World Bank
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean
1
World Health Organization Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO and Internationl Federation of the Red Cross ICRC
1
World Health Organization WHO, Bangladesh
1
World Health Organization WHO, Food and Agriculture Organization FAO, World Organization for Animal Health OIE
1
World Health Organization WHO, IFRC
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office Africa
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Africa
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa
1
World Health Organization WHO, Stop TB
1
World Health Organization, ISDR, EU
1
World Health Organization, Ministry of Health and Population Nepal
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Americas
1
World Heart Federation
1
World Vision International
1
Write State University Dayton
1
Y. Keynan, D. Marin et al.
1
Yuniadi, Y., A.E. Tondas, D.A. Hanafy, et al.,
1
Yusuf, S.
1
Z. Chirwa
1
Zimbabwe, Ministry of Health and Child Care
1
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (Европа)
1
Дженнифер Батлер
1
Джорджа Айалы
1
Фонд Организации Объединенных Наций в области народонаселения
This policy guideIine is intended for use by healthcare professionals invoIved in the management of Covid-19 in South Africa. The document provides guidance on diagnostic tests available, on antigen test performance and accessibility. 1t focuses on key issues such as when to
Perform antigen tests... how to use and interpret results. Capturing and reporting testing information is also covered.more
Brazil ́s response is taking place in strict compliance with the International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005.
Brazil created the Emergency Operations Center (COE) and immediately notified WHO when the first case in Brazilian territory
was confirmed on February 26.
Irresponsible pharmaceutical companies fuel the proliferation of superbugs through supply chain pollution, the European Public Health Alliance (EPHA) reports. The advocacy group uncovered lapses such as dirty production and inadequate waste disposal in the production of antimicrobials in China and I...ndia, which supplies most of the antimicrobials consumed in Europe. In a briefing detailing the pollution, the EPHA urges major purchasers of antibiotics to blacklist irresponsible pharmaceutical companies, demand that the industry clean up its supply chain, introduce greater transparency on the origin of antibiotics, and review and revise procurement policies from an ethics perspective.more
South Africa has a long history of community health workers (CHWs). It has been a journey that has required balancing constrained resources and competing priorities. CHWs form a bridge between communities and healthcare service provision within health facilities and act as the cornerstone of South A...frica’s Ward-Based Primary Healthcare Outreach Teams. This study aimed to document the CHW policy implementation landscape across six provinces in South Africa and explore the reasons for local adaptation of CHW models and to identify potential barriers and facilitators to implementation of the revised framework to help guide and inform future planning.more
24 May 2021; Guidance for vaccinators on how to store, prepare, draw up and administer COVID-19 vaccines Updated May 2021 · Western Cape Edition
Practical Approach to Care Kit: Vaccine
Lancet Glob Health 2016; 4: e856–63. Open Access
The article "Effectiveness of one dose of oral cholera vaccine in response to an outbreak: a case-cohort study" investigates whether a single dose of the Shanchol oral cholera vaccine can provide effective protection during an outbreak. Conducted i...n Juba, South Sudan, in 2015, the study involved a case-cohort approach, analyzing vaccination status and disease outcomes.
Findings showed that a single dose was 80.2% effective in preventing medically attended cholera cases, increasing to 87.3% after adjustments for confounding factors. These results suggest that a single-dose strategy can be an effective emergency response, particularly in settings with limited vaccine supply and high mobility of affected populations. The study supports using a single-dose approach during outbreaks when a two-dose regimen is logistically challenging.more
Interium guidance, 25 June 2021Timely and accurate diagnostic testing is an essential tool in preventing and controlling the spread of COVID-19. This document describes recommendations for national testing strategies and the use of PCR and rapid antigen tests in different transmission scenarios of t...he COVID-19 outbreak, including how testing might be rationalized in low resource settings. All testing should be followed by a strong public health response including isolating those who test positive and providing them care, contact tracing and quarantine of contacts.more
Policy Brief, Updated in March 2017
Key messages
• The criminalisation of male-to-male sex heightens HIV and other sexually transmissible infection (STI) risks and vulnerabilities, and hinders access to HIV and STI services including HCT.
• Men who have sex with men (MSM) and tran...sgender persons (TG) are not a homogeneous group. As such, a variety of HCT service models are needed to reach the various segments of these populations.
• Stigma and discrimination remain ongoing issues at a number of service points. Targeted training of service providers is therefore needed so that MSM and TG are not discouraged from seeking HCT and high-quality prevention, treatment and care services.
• Specific guidelines on HIV prevention, treatment and care services for MSM or TG help improve the delivery of services. more
Antibiotic resistant bacteria are spreading at an alarming rate and some bacterial infections may once again be untreatable. Antibiotic resistance (ABR), conservatively calculated, causes more than 500 000 deaths every year. This number is projected to rise dramatically if radical actions are not ta...ken. Lack of effective antibiotics, diagnostics and vaccines threatens the health of millions and hampers fulfilment of several of the Sustainable Devel- opment Goals. Access to effective antibiotics should be part of every adult and child’s right to health.more
Putting Human Rights at the Heart of the Response
Topic in Focus: COVID-19 and Women’s Human Rights
15 April 2020
Stay-at-home restrictions and other measures restricting the movement of people contribute to an increase in genderbased violence, a finding confirmed by media reports, official ...statements and information received from OHCHR field presences and human rights defenders in many countries.
Women and girls already in abusive situations are more exposed to increased control and restrictions by their abusers, with little or no recourse to seek support. Hotlines receive reports of women being threatened with being thrown out of their homes, exposed to the infection, or having financial resources and medical aid withheld.more