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An overview of heart failure in low- and middle-income countries

Agbor, V.N.; Ntusi, N.A.B.; Noubiap, J.J. Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy (2020) CC

Heart failure (HF) is a global public health concern with disproportionate socioeconomic, morbidity and mortality burden on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This review summarises contemporary data on the demographic and clinical characteristics, aetiologies, treatment, economic burden and ... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Health protection guidance in the event of a nuclear weapons explosion

World Health Organization (2003) C_WHO

Recently there have been increased concerns about the development and possible use of nuclear weapons by certain countries or by terrorists. This document provides advice to the general public on how best to act to minimize any health consequences in the event of a nuclear weapon explosi... more

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Soutien à la prise de décision et directives anticipées en psychiatrie : formation spécialisée QualityRights de l’OMS : guide de formation

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS (2022) C_WHO

Les modules de formation et d’orientation QualityRights ont été élaborés pour renforcer les connaissances, les compétences et la compréhension des principales parties prenantes sur la manière de promouvoir les droits des personnes en situation de handicap psychosocial, intellectuel ou cogni... more

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Santé mentale, situation de handicap et droits humains : formation de base QualityRights de l’OMS pour tous services et toutes populations : guide de formation

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS (2022) C_WHO

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Antibiotic Use for Sepsis in Neonates and Children: 2016 Evidence Update

Fuchs A., J. Bielickia, S. Mathur, et.al. World Health Organization (2016) C_WHO

Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, especially during the first five days of life and in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) [1]. Hospital infection also remains a major cause of mortality in children despite progress encountered in the last decades.

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Casebook on Ethical Issues in International Health Research

Cash R et al. World Health Organization (2009) C_WHO

This casebook collects 64 case studies, each of which raises an important and difficult ethical issue connected with planning, reviewing, or conducting health-related research. The book’s purpose is to contribute to thoughtful analysis of these issues by researchers and members of research ethics ... more

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Groupes d’auto-support par et pour les personnes ayant un savoir expérientiel en santé mentale : guide d’orientation QualityRights de l’OMS

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS (2021) C_WHO

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Soutien individuel par et pour les personnes ayant un savoir expérientiel en santé mentale : guide d’orientation QualityRights de l’OMS

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS (2022) C_WHO

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Early Diagnosis of Childhood Cancer

World Health Organization (2014) C_WHO

General practitioners and pediatricians must know the signs and symptoms of possible pediatric cancer.

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Contraceptive eligibility for women at high risk of HIV

World Health Organization (2019) C_WHO

Guidance statement Recommendations on contraceptive methods used by women at high risk of HIV

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Rétablissement et droit à la santé : formation de base QualityRights de l’OMS : services sociaux et de santé mentale : guide de formation

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS (2022) C_WHO

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55o conselho director - 68a sessão do comitê regional da OMS para as Américas

Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde; Organização Mundial da Saúde (Américas) (2016) C_WHO

Washington, D.C., EUA, 26 a 30 de setembro de 2016 Tema 4.10 da agenda provisória CD55/14 8 de julho de 2016 Original: inglês

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55.o consejo directivo - 68.a sesión del comité regional de la OMS para las Américas

Organización Panamericana de la Salud; Organización Mundial de la Salud (Americas) (2016) C_WHO

Washington, D.C., EUA, del 26 al 30 de septiembre del 2016 Punto 4.10 del orden del día provisional CD55/14 8 de julio del 2016 Original: inglés

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Information note on chemical release No 2: What to do in case of a chemical release

World Health Organization (2017) C_WHO

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Protecting human health from climate change

World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia (2011) C_WHO

Climate change is a verified, global phenomenon, but its consequences will not be evenly distributed. Developing countries and small island nations will be the most affected. Countries will experience more frequent extreme weather events and resulting changes in water quality and availability, incre... more