La serovigilancia es una herramienta que complementa los métodos tradicionales de salud pública para la vigilancia de las enfermedades transmisibles y proporciona información valiosa sobre la transmisión de enfermedades en los grupos de la población; por ejemplo, para detectar brechas en la inm...unidad frente a las enfermedades prevenibles mediante vacunación. Esta información es útil para hacer un seguimiento de la exposición de la población a enfermedades como la malaria, las enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas, las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos, agua y vectores, así como las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes. Como muchas enfermedades infecciosas están o han estado presentes en grupos que viven en entornos donde se superponen diversos factores de riesgo, la serovigilancia integrada facilita las sinergias y optimiza la utilización de los recursos de salud pública. Este conjunto de herramientas se elaboró para facilitar el diseño, la puesta en marcha, el análisis, la interpretación y el uso de los resultados de las encuestas serológicas integradas para reforzar las capacidades de los países con vistas a la eliminación de las enfermedades transmisibles. En la primera parte se describen los conceptos básicos sobre encuestas y vigilancia serológicas, sus usos, ventajas y desafíos, formas de mejorar su eficiencia, así como su potencial para contribuir a la toma de decisiones de salud pública. Posteriormente, se presenta un proceso gradual para la puesta en marcha de la vigilancia serológica integrada basada en encuestas serológicas. Incluye recomendaciones sobre cómo determinar la necesidad y el propósito de recopilar información serológica; el diseño y la metodología de la encuesta; los métodos del laboratorio; las consideraciones prácticas para la realización de encuestas; el análisis e interpretación de los datos y el uso de los resultados para respaldar la toma de decisiones. Su objetivo principal es apoyar a los directores de programas y equipos que participan en el control y eliminación de las enfermedades transmisibles. Se elaboró para ser usado, entre otros, por los coordinadores de enfermedades transmisibles, enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas y programas de vacunación; directores de vigilancia epidemiológica; personal de laboratorios de salud pública; y otros profesionales de los ministerios de salud y autoridades nacionales y subnacionales de salud que puedan estar interesados en incorporar la vigilancia serológica integrada como parte de las herramientas de sus sistemas de vigilancia, para obtener información adicional sobre la transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas en la población.
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The annual Development Co-operation Report brings new evidence, analysis and ideas on
sustainable development to members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and the international community more broadly. The objectives are to promote best practices and innovation in development co-ope...ration and to inform and shape policy reform and behaviour change to realise better lives and the Sustainable Development Goals for all
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In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, this guidance provides information on infection and prevention control (IPC) for older people, their friends and families, carers, and healthcare providers. Anyone who manages, works, volunteers or provides care at any type of facilities where older people recei...ve care at (long-term care facilities, non-acute care facilities, and home care services), should practice strict IPC to prevent and control COVID-19 outbreaks. It has been observed in different countries that older people have higher case-fatality rate compared to other age groups. Therefore, it is especially important to implement and follow IPC measures at facilities, homes, and other venues that older people frequent.
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Climate change is damaging human health now and is projected to have a greater impact in the future. Low- and middle-income countries are seeing the worst effects as they are most vulnerable to climate shifts and least able to adapt given weak health systems and poor infrastructure. Low-carbon appro...ach can provide effective, cheaper care while at the same time being climate smart. Low-carbon healthcare can advance institutional strategies toward low-carbon development and health-strengthening imperatives and inspire other development institutions and investors working in this space. Low-carbon healthcare provides an approach for designing, building, operating, and investing in health systems and facilities that generate minimal amounts of greenhouse gases. It puts health systems on a climate-smart development path, aligning health development and delivery with global climate goals. This approach saves money by reducing energy and resource costs. It can improve the quality of care in a diversity of settings. By prompting ministries of health to tackle climate change mitigation and foster low-carbon healthcare, the development community can help governments strengthen local capacity and support better community health.
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The 2022 Financing for Sustainable Development Report identifies a “great finance divide” as a main driver of the divergent recovery. Developed countries were able to borrow record sums at ultra-low interest rates to support their people and economies, but the pandemic response and investment in... recovery of poor countries was limited by fiscal constraints. This joint report, by over 60 agencies of the United Nations system and partner international organizations, provides analysis and puts forward policy recommendations to overcome this “finance divide” and enhance developing countries’ access to financing for recovery and productive and sustainable investment.
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front cover © Jonathan Hyams/Save the Children
Rabies is a disease of animals but too often the outcome is gauged in terms of human suffering and
death. Despite this, in areas of the world where rabies is endemic there is often a lack of communication between veterinary and medical professionals, to the extent that the disease continues to thri...ve and potential victims are not treated. The problem is partly
exacerbated by a lack of awareness and experience of the disease and of what to do when confronted by suspect cases. In these technologically advanced days, although it is possible to learn “all there is to know” about almost any subject, it is sometimes difficult to distil the essence.
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Six months in, the indirect impacts of COVID-19 take a toll on health, social and economic outcomes.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for major societal transformations that will require significant fiscal outlays as well as private investments. The fiscal outlays cover public investments, the public provision of social services, and social protection for vulnerable populations. The ke...y message of this paper, building on recent reports by the IMF and SDSN (IMF, 2019b; SDSN, 2018) is that the governments of Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) will require a substantial increase in fiscal (budget) revenues, far beyond what they can achieve by their own fiscal reforms. For this reason, SDG financing will require substantial international cooperation to enable the LIDCs to finance their SDG fiscal outlays. One important source of increased revenues should be the globally coordinated taxation of ultra-high-net worth assets. Today’s ultra-rich should help to pay for the survival and basic needs of the world’s poorest people.
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Background paper 11
The Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response
May 2021
This Toolkit is intended to guide humanitarian programme managers and healthcare providers to ensure that sexual and reproductive health interventions put into place both during and after a crisis are responsive to the unique needs of adolescents.
SADC Communicable Disease Project
Component 5: Scaling-up Child and Adolescent HIV, TB and Malaria Continuum of Care and Support
DRAFT POST REGIONAL CONSENSUS AND VALIDATION MEETING Oct 2012
The checklist tool described in this handbook is intended for EU/EEA public health authorities who need to assess the capacity for communicable disease prevention and control at migrant reception/detention centres hosting migrants for weeks/months (medium-term) in order to identify gaps and set prio...rities for development.
Using this tool, the aim is to monitor and support capacity development to prevent the onset and improve the management of communicable disease outbreaks at medium-term migration reception/detention centres, both on a day-to-day basis and in the event of a sudden influx of migrants.
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This guide is designed to assist UNICEF staff and partners, in establishing and
operating Child Friendly Spaces (CFS) in an emergency. It attempts to provide
readers with the main principles of a CFS and the processes on how to establish
one.
The overall aim is to improve the standards and capac...ity of field staff, by providing
the required knowledge to support the design and operations of child friendly
spaces.
It will facilitate an understanding of how to develop a CFS in contexts in which
children’s well-being are threatened or damaged as a result of conflict or natural
disasters. More specifically, this guide attempts to broaden and strengthen the
knowledge, skills and attitudes of protection officers/field staff so that they are able
to respond to the multi-faceted needs of children.
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