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Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc...e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

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HIV and AIDS in Azerbaijan: A Socio-Cultural Approach

H. Drobna, C. Mallouris Culture and Development Section; Research Gate; UNESCO (2005) C2

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Living Planet Report 2020 - Bending the curve of biodiversity loss

World Wildlife Fund for Nature WWF (2020) C2

At a time when the world is reeling from the deepest global disruption and health crisis of a lifetime, this year’s Living Planet report provides unequivocal and alarming evidence that nature is unraveling and that our planet is flashing red warning signs of vital natural systems failure. The ... more

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Guide de prise en charge de l’infection à VIH chez l’enfant et l’adolescent

Sidaction, ID, agence francaise de Dévelopment (2013) CC

L’objectif de ce guide est de favoriser la prise en charge globale et de qualité des nourrissons exposés au VIH et des enfants infectés par le VIH par des équipes pluridisciplinaires, éventuellement non-spécialisées en pédiatrie.Le programme Grandir développe depuis huit ans des activité... more

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Operational principles for good pharmaceutical procurement

WHO (1999) C_WHO

This document introduces four strategic objectives and twelve operational principles for good pharmaceutical procurement. These objectives and principles have been developed and endorsed by the Interagency Pharmaceutical Coordination Group (IPC), involving the pharmaceutical advisers of the United ... more

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Integrating severe acute malnutrition into the management of childhood diseases at community level in South Sudan

Emily Keane, Andrea King, Anthony Awira et al. Malaria Consortium South Sudan (2013) C1

Since December 2010, Malaria Consortium has been implementing an innovative approach to community management of severe acute malnutrition, together with an existing integrated community case management (ICCM) programme in South Sudan. This learning paper considers Malaria Consortiums experience of t... more

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Improving Basic Training Skills

IFRC - International Federation of Red Cross Red Cresent Societies (2000) CC

Disaster Preparedness Training Programme

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Das kultursensible Krankenhaus

Maria Droste, Dr. Ali Kemal Gün, Hedwig Kiefer, et al. Beauftragte der Bundesregierung für Migration, Flüchtlinge und Integration Bundeskanzleramt (2021) CC

Ansaätze zur interkulturellen Öffnung. Die von der Bundesbeauftragten für Migration, Flüchtlinge und Integration herausgegebene Publikation „Das kultursensible Krankenhaus“ liegt nun in einer vollständig aktualisierten und überarbeiteten Fassung vor und kann kostenfrei heruntergeladen und ... more

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Coaching for the First Embrace. Facilitator's Guide

World Health Organization WHO; Western Pacific Region (2016) C_WHO

Early Essential Newborn Care (EENC) Module 2.

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Introduction to Food Security Intervention Principles

Action Contre la Faim (ACF) (2008) C2

Reference book specifying the principles of intervention for all food security activities, from initial assessment to programme implementation.

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Engager les services d’Entreprises de sécurité privées - Orientations à l’intention des organisations non gouvernementales

Max Glaser, European Interagency Security Forum (EISF) Forum Inter-agences Européen sur la Sécurité (2011) C2

Au cours des dix dernières années, les ONG humanitaires ont fait de plus en plus fréquemment appel aux Entreprises de sécurité privées (ESP). On observe l’existence d’un écart entre la manière dont les ONG utilisent les ESP dans la réalité et la régulation d’une telle relation. Ces ... more

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The Sierra Leone Free Health Care Initiative (FHCI): Process and Effectiveness Review

Sophie Witter, Nouria Brikci, Tim Harris, et al. (2016) C1

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TB HIV Training Manual for Community Health Workers

Arkangelo Ali Association; The Global Fund; UNDP; et al. Arkangelo Ali Association; The Global Fund; UNDP; et al. (2009) C2

First Edition, July 2009 Trainers’ Manual

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National Strategic Plan for Tuberculosis Control in Georgia 2016-2020

CCM Georgia (2015) C1

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World Migration Report 2022
recommended

International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2021) C2

This World Migration Report 2018 is the ninth in the series. Since 2000, IOM has been producing world migration reports to contribute to increased understanding of migration throughout the world. This new edition presents key data and information on migration as well as thematic chapters on highly t... more

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TOWARDS A DISABILITY INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

Sæbønes, A., Bieler, R. B., Baboo, N., et al Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2015) C2

Background paper for the Oslo Summit on Education for Development

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Support to Bangladesh Host Communities and Institutions in the Joint Response Plan for the Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis

Inter Sector Coordination Group (ISCG) (2018) C1

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Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Kessler, R.C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., et al. European of Psychotraumatology (2017) CC

Objective: To review research on associations of trauma type with PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys, a series of epidemiological surveys that obtained representative data on trauma-specific PTSD.