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2
The Council was established in late 2020 by Dr Tedros Adhanom
Ghebreyesus (Director-General, WHO) to provide new economic thinking – reassessing how health and wellbeing are valued, produced and distributed across the economy. An all-female group
...
of 10 distinguished economists and area experts, the Council has focused on reimagining how to put Health for All at the heart of government decision-making and private sector collaboration at regional, national and international levels.
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This paper examines the implications of the IMF’s April 2024 macro-fiscal forecast updates on government health expenditure (GHE) across 170 economies through 2029, covering nearly all years remaining to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (
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require improving spending efficiency and addressing broader fiscal challenges. Without decisive action, many countries have little chance of achieving the health SDGs.
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health financing, and overall system, reform design and implementation processes. This Guide is complementary to WHO’s Health Financing Progress Matrix assessment, as well as Health Financing Strategy development guidance. In this way, it promotes an embedded political
economy analysis approach that can be used in conjunction with other health financing assessments and guidance. The political economy framework can also be extended and easily adapted to broader health policy reforms.
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This malaria case management training manual was developed by the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) of Ethiopia, in collaboration with several national and international partners. Primarily based on WHO guidelines and training materials, as well as
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the 2022 national malaria guidelines and various technical documents, it aims to provide a standardised, simplified resource for clinical health workers in both the public and private sectors in Ethiopia. The manual aims to provide clinical health workers in both the public and private sectors in Ethiopia with a standardised, simplified resource.
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This document on logistics management information systems (LMIS) was developed to address the increasing need for harmonization and standardization of core indicators for managing medicines and health products for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs)
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at country level (i.e. for last-mile logistics). It thereby responds to requests from Members States, pharmaceutical groups, financial donors and implementing partners for guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO) for a transparent, standardized reporting mechanism and key indicators for in-country logistics. More importantly, this document will also guide the last-mile logistics process and is relevant for the health workforce working at different levels of national health information systems. It can be adapted and used for any health products depending on the needs of the country or health programmes.
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Promoting and protecting the mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of children, adolescents, and their caregivers remains undamental to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with a direct contribution to SDG 3 (Good
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Health and Well- eing). In 2024, UNICEF accelerated the scale-up of integrated, multisectoral MHPSS programming. These efforts contributed to the strengthening of national and subnational child and adolescent mental health systems by supporting programming across the continuum of care, investing in workforce development, advancing data systems and evidence generation, and promoting institutional leadership and coordination mechanisms. UNICEF’s growing reach, particularly through health, education, and child protection systems, reflects a strategic commitment to embedding MHPSS in sustainable development frameworks and in responses that bridge humanitarian action and development programming.
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PHSM are vital in reducing the risk and scale of infectious disease transmission and lowering hospitalization and deaths. Examples include contact tracing, quarantine and isolation, mask use, ventilation, school or workplace measures, mobility restrictions and travel requirements.
While these mea
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sures are essential, decision-making on PHSM becomes particularly complex during rapidly evolving health emergencies, with incomplete information and under significant public and political pressure, especially when the pathogen is novel or poorly understood. In such contexts, guidance needs to be agile and responsive, developed and adapted based on emerging evidence and shifting epidemiological patterns. Decision-makers are frequently confronted with difficult trade-offs, having to balance measures that are:
─ effective but socially disruptive;
─ cost-effective but logistically burdensome;
─ beneficial for public health but economically disruptive; or
─ practical but inequitable or unethical
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WHO updated recommendations on HIV clinical management: recommendations for a public health approach
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This document provides an overview of the updated World Health Organization recommendations for HIV clinical management, which focus on optimizing antiretroviral therapy, preventing vertical transmission, and enhancing tuberculosis prevention among
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individuals with HIV. These updates are intended to support global initiatives aimed at ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Key changes include the introduction of new antiretroviral drugs and regimens, revised postnatal prophylaxis and breastfeeding guidelines for managing infants at risk of vertical transmission, and the endorsement of shorter tuberculosis preventive treatments to improve efficacy and adherence.
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Policy brief. In this policy brief, we give an update on those parts of the guidelines which are relevant for trans and gender diverse people.
This comprehensive analysis outlines the recommended mental health services in HIV
care, delivery modalities, required resources, guideline integration, special population
considerations, and implementation strategies with real-world examples
TArtificial intelligence (AI) is transforming health systems, reshaping how care is planned, delivered and governed. This report presents the first assessment of AI integration into health systems a
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cross the whole of the WHO European Region, based on findings from the 2024–2025 survey on AI for health care. It examines national strategies, governance models, legal and ethical frameworks, workforce readiness, data governance, stakeholder engagement, private sector roles and the uptake of AI applications. Drawing on insights from 50 Member States, the report explores how countries are navigating opportunities and challenges, highlighting emerging trends, gaps and practices to guide policy-makers towards coherent, ethical and people-centred approaches to AI in health care.
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This document suggests mechanisms that countries can use to respond to emergencies and disasters taking a whole of society and whole of government approach ensuring multisectoral engagement for health actions. It helps to run a participatory process
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of developing the national health response operations plan that brings together all relevant sectors, public health experts, civil society and the international community under government leadership and facilitate ownership, adoption, testing through simulation and finally successful implementation in responding to emergencies and disasters from multiple hazards.
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The lack of an African research ethics framework during epidemic emergencies (EE) has been a glaring concern
amongst African scholars for decades. In the context of major public health emergencies of continental and global
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health concern over the last five years, such as Ebola in 2019, COVID in 2020 and Mpox in 2024, and ongoing epidemics, including those of pandemic potential, the need for such a framework is evident. Ethics frameworks for research during emergencies have been published (World Health Organisation, 2016; Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 2020). However, there is currently no African and continent-wide, coherent guidance that promotes African values, elaborated by Africans for hosting research during EE on the continent. To address this gap, the African Centre for Disease Control convened an Ethics Working Group (Ethics WG) to develop an African
framework that embraces dominant African principles/values that might guide the ethical conduct of research in
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Training Workshop
2nd edition. Essential guideline for humanitarian assistance
The objective of the 2022 Compendium is to compile and highlight emerging innovative health technologies for low-resource settings. It presents a snapshot of technologies that are solutions to an unmet medical/
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health technology need or are likely to improve health outcomes and the quality of life. Health technologies in the Compendium underwent WHO evidence-based assessments focused on the life cycle of health technology innovations for low-resource settings.
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A Reference Guide for Program Managers and Policy Makers. Recently, a renewed interest in large-scale community health worker (CHW) programs has been seen globally. This renewal provides an opportune moment to take stock of issues and challenges suc
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h programs face and what can be done to make them as effective as possible. With this in mind, this manual is intended to be used a practical guide for policymakers and program managers wishing to develop or strengthen a CHW program, drawing lessons from other countries that have implemented CHW programs at-scale
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Summary of research into the consequences of the Ebola outbreak for children and communities in Liberia and Sierra Leone
This study describes the range of impacts that Ebola has had on children and families in Liberia and Sierra Leone, looking beyond the immediate
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health effects
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