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Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Guidelines for assessment and management of cardiovascular risk

World Health Organization WHO (2007) C_WHO

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of disability and premature death throughout the world, and contributes substantially to the escalating costs of health care. The underlying pathology is atherosclerosis, which develops over many years and is usually advanced by the time symptoms occur, genera... more

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Towards One Health preparedness: expert consultation 11–12 December 2017

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2018) CC

Climate change, increasing population densities, and intensified globalisation in trade, travel and migration are among the most important factors shaping the 21st century. Each impacts upon population health and the risk of infectious disease, particularly those originating at the human-animal-envi... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Principles of Solidarity

Archdiocese of Cincinnati (2011) C1

External Link

White Paper for Global Palliative Care Advocacy: Recommendations from a PAL-LIFE Expert Advisory Group of the Pontifical Academy for Life, Vatican City

C. Centeno, Sitte, T. de Lima L. et.al. Journal of Palliative Medicine (2018) C1

Journal of Palliative Medicine Volume 21, Number 10, 2018 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2018.0248ad

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CST 101 Option for the Poor and Vulnerable

United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and Catholic Relief Services (2017) C1

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CRS Haiti Accountability Framework

Catholic Relief Services (2012) C1

CRS Haiti defines accountability as “working with communities, program participants, partners and civil society in order to treat them with respect, dignity and mutuality, and ensure empowerment, subsidiarity and quality in all programs.”

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Spiritual Care at the End of Life

University of Hull (2010) C1

This s a systematic review of English language literature from 2000 to 2010 covering spiritual care in end of life care settings which includes spiritual assessment tools and ongoing intervention models.

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Subsidiarity - 4 principles that can change the world

The Tasmanian Catholic Justice and Peace Commission (2020) C1

Fact Sheet 4 Accessed on 17 July 2020

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Solidarity Walking Together

Caritas New Zealand (2020) C1

accessed 22 July 2020

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Pastoral Care in a Clinical Setting: the Role Hospital Chaplaincy Plays as Part of a Broader Medical Team.

Atherstone D. (2011) C1

A thesis submitted for the Degree of Master of Theology at the South African Theological Seminary

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Lettre encyclique Fratelli Tutti sur la Fraternite et l'Amitie sociale

Saint-Pierre Francois Vatican Press (2020) CC

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Gustavo Gutierrez and the preferential option for the poor

Dear J. National Catholic Reporter (2011) C1

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Subsidiarity .Annotated Bibliography

Provinske P. John Ryan Institute Center for Catholic Studies; St. Thomas University (2017) C1

Subsidiarity guides people to establish relationships where they can make decisions, accomplish good work, and live their lives in a manner that respects human dignity

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Option for the Poor and Vulnerable - Country Spotlight Philippines

Catholic Relief Services (2015) C1

Lesson Plans Grades 1-8

External Link

It’s better together! European perspective on benefits and challenges associated with cross-border health communication campaigns

Rodrigues R., S. Ilinca, K. Schulmann PLOS ONE (2018) C1

PLOSONE| https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204882October17,2018

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Chanter pour les lions. Guide de l’animateur pour surmonter la peur et la violence dans notre vie. Supplement
recommended

Brakarsh, J.; L. Steinitz Catholic Relief Services CRS (2018) CC

Singing to the Lions est un programme de formation gratuit (guide de l’animateur, supplément et vidéo) conçu par CRS pour aider les enfants et les jeunes à réduire l’impact de la violence et des abus dans leur vie. La principale composante est un atelier de trois jours où les participants ... more