Demographic and epidemiological transitions are changing the age structure of the population and the most common diseases. Non-communicable respiratory diseases are an increasing problem at both ends of the age range in low-income and middle-income countries. In children, who represent a large propo...rtion of the total population, the increasing problem of asthma is a strain on health services. Improved survival of the older population is increasing the proportion of morbidity and mortality attributable to chronic lung diseases. Health services in low-resource countries are poorly adapted to treating chronic diseases. Designed to respond episodically to acute disease, almost all historical investment has focused on infectious diseases. Crucial to the successful management of chronic diseases is an infrastructure designed to support pro-active management, providing not only an accurate diagnosis, but also a secure supply of cost effective drugs at an affordable price. The absence of such an infrastructure in many countries and the market failure that makes drugs generally more expensive in low-resource regions means that many people with chronic non-communicable lung diseases are not given effective treatment. This has damaging economic consequences. The common causes of poor lung health in lowincome countries are not the same as those in richer countries, and there is a need to study why they are so common and how best to manage them.
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Website last accessed on 04.06.2023
Youtube Video - Explainity
The EU's air quality directives (2008/50/EC Directive on Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe and 2004/107/EC Directive on heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air) set pollutant concentrations thresholds that shall not be exceeded in a given period of time. In case... of exceedances, authorities must develop and implement air quality management plans. These plans should aim to bring concentrations of air pollutants to levels below the limit and target values.
Selected EU standards and the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines are summarised in the table below. These apply over differing periods of time because the observed health impacts associated with the various pollutants occur over different exposure times.
The WHO guideline values are set for the protection of health, and are generally stricter than the comparable politically agreed EU standards.
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Infograpth from 2016, Diabetes is on the rise. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Genetics, age and family history of diabetes can increase the likelihood of becoming diabetic and cannot be changed.
Website last accessed on 18.03.2023
The GHO data repository is WHO's gateway to health-related statistics for its 194 Member States. It provides access to over 1000 health topics indicators.
El presente documento contiene directrices provisionales sobre la utilización de mascarillas en comunidades que han notificado la aparición de brotes causados por el nuevo coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Está dirigido a profesionales, coordinadores sanitarios, trabajadores sanitarios y... agentes de salud comunitaria que trabajen en la prevención y el tratamiento de las infecciones o en la esfera de la salud pública. El texto se irá revisando a medida que se disponga de más datos.
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EXHORTACIÓN APOSTÓLICA EVANGELII GAUDIUM DEL SANTO PADRE FRANCISCO A LOS OBISPOSA LOS PRESBÍTEROS Y DIÁCONOSA LAS PERSONAS CONSAGRADAS Y A LOS FIELES LAICOS SOBRE EL ANUNCIO DEL EVANGELIO EN EL MUNDO ACTUAL
Новая кампания поможет вам научиться распознавать, раскрывать, реагировать и сообщать о теориях заговора, чтобы предотвратить их распространение. Критическое мыш...ление и информированность о теориях заговора являются ключом к тому, чтобы бросить им вызов.
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Website last accessed on 18.03.2023
Buruli Ulcer Disease: Obtaining Swab Specimens for Diagnosis of M. Ulcerans Infection - Youtube video
Die weltweite Ungleichheit bei der Verteilung von Einkommen und Vermögen weit jenseits dessen, was sich durch Unterschiede der Belastung oder Verantwortung durch die jeweilige Arbeitstätigkeit begründen ließe, stellt schon für sich genommen eine gewaltige Ungerechtigkeit dar. Sie steht auch in ...einem gefährlichen Gegensatz zu unverzichtbaren Grundwerten des gesellschaftlichen Zusammenlebens wie menschliche Solidarität und gleichberechtigte Beteiligung an der demokratischen Willensbildung. Noch bedrohlicher ist aber, dass sie die benachteiligten Menschen ihrer Lebenschancen beraubt. Einerseits werden diese gezwungen, extreme Risiken einzugehen, um ihre wirtschaftliche Existenz zu sichern oder brutaler Gewalt und Verfolgung zu entkommen. Andererseits reichen die verfügbaren Ressourcen nicht aus, um wenigstens lebensbewahrende Gesundheitsdienste bereitzustellen. Der Beitrag analysiert die Finanzierung der allgemeinen Gesundheitsversorgung in wirtschaftlich benachteiligten Ländern, die als wesentliche Voraussetzung für die Verwirklichung der Agenda 2030 gelten.
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The IDF Guide for Diabetes Epidemiology Studies has been developed to create standardized epidemiological methods in diabetes studies to enable researchers to conduct high-quality studies that generate robust data
The document provides information on managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It emphasizes the importance of recognizing early symptoms such as persistent coughing, shortness of breath, and wheezing. The guide offers practical advice, including quitting smoking, avoiding lung irritant...s, regular consultations with healthcare providers, and seeking support from friends and caregivers. It also highlights the value of preparing for medical visits, noting symptoms, understanding risk factors, and taking notes during appointments to maximize treatment effectiveness.
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The World Health Organization's fact sheet on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - chinese version
Листовка о 10 шагах к душевному равновесию
Chagas heart disease (CHD) affects approximately 30% of patients chronically infected with the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi. CHD is classified into four stages of increasing severity according to electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and clinical criteria. CHD presents with a myriad of clinical man...ifestations, but its main complications are sudden cardiac death, heart failure, and stroke. Importantly, CHD has a higher incidence of sudden cardiac death and stroke than most other cardiopathies, and patients with CHD complicated by heart failure have a higher mortality than patients with heart failure caused by other etiologies. Among patients with CHD, approximately 90% of deaths can be attributed to complications of Chagas disease. Sudden cardiac death is the most common cause of death (55%-60%), followed by heart failure (25%-30%) and stroke (10%-15%). The high morbimortality and the unique characteristics of CHD demand an individualized approach according to the stage of the disease and associated complications the patient presents with. Therefore, the management of CHD is challenging, and in this review, we present the most updated available data to help clinicians and cardiologists in the care of these patients. We describe the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and classification criteria, risk stratification, and approach to the different clinical aspects of CHD using diagnostic tools and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments.
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Indoor air pollution is caused by burning solid fuel sources – such as firewood, crop waste, and dung – for cooking and heating.
Burning such fuels, particularly in poor households, results in air pollution that leads to respiratory diseases, which can result in premature death. The WHO calls... indoor air pollution "the world's largest single environmental health risk."
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Background: Primary health care (PHC) is a driving force for advancing towards universal health coverage (UHC). PHC-oriented health systems bring enormous benefits but require substantial financial investments. Here, we aim to present measures for PHC investments and project the associated resource ...needs. Methods: This modelling study analysed data from 67 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Recognising the variation in PHC services among countries, we propose three measures for PHC, with different scope for included interventions and system strengthening. Measure 1 is centred on public health interventions and outpatient care; measure 2 adds general inpatient care; and measure 3 further adds cross-sectoral activities. Cost components included in each measure were based on the Declaration of Astana, informed by work delineating PHC within health accounts, and finalised through an expert and country validation meeting. We extracted the subset of PHC costs for each measure from WHO’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) price tag for the 67 LMICs, and projected the associated health impact. Estimates of financial resource need, health workforce, and outpatient visits are presented as PHC investment guide posts for LMICs.
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The Health and Climate Change Country Profiles, developed in collaboration with national governments, are part of WHO’s monitoring of health sector response to climate change. The profiles summarize evidence of the climate hazards and health risks facing countries. They track national progress in ...addressing the health threats from climate change and highlight opportunities for gaining health benefits from climate mitigation action. The profiles provide an overview of key areas for taking action and provide links to available resources.
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The 2018 Access to Medicine Index finds that the pharmaceutical industry continues to mature in its approach to access to medicine, with models for good practice in areas such as access planning and licensing. GSK retains its No. 1 position, as Novartis moves up into 2nd. Takeda rises furthest in 20...18, jumping ten places to fifth
Download the full report from (Large File 22 MB)
https://accesstomedicinefoundation.org/media/uploads/downloads/5c8bc9ceb714b_Access%20to%20Medicine%20Index%202018.pdf
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